新托福阅读考试中5种常见的倒装句式
倒装句在托福阅读中十分常见，那么托福阅读的倒装句都有哪些形式呢?下面是学习啦为大家带来的托福备考经验 5种常见的倒装句式，希望能够帮助大家更好的备考托福阅读。
新托福阅读考试中5种常见的倒装句式
1.never等具有否定意义或否定形式的词或词组位于句首时用倒装。
常见词或词组有： not, never, rarely, little, hardly, seldom, on no account, by no means, neither, nor …
因此，对于倒装句“…not until the second of December did they kill their first elk.”来说，第一步先把句子变成正常语序，即把not的位置还原，第二步再理解句子。那么这个句子就变成“…they did not kill their first elk until the second of December。” “not…until”表示“直到……才”，因此句子意思为：他们直到第二年的十二月才杀死了第一批麋鹿。
2.当“only+状语”位于句首时表强调使用倒装。
例句：Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites…(TPO5-1 Minerals and Plants)
解析：该句是only+recently(时间状语)位于句首引起的倒装，因此该句变成正常语序为：“Investigators have only recently considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites…”,意思为：研究人员最近才考虑使用这些植物清理土壤和垃圾场。
3.为加强语气“so/such…that”结构中的so或such位于句首时用倒装。
例句：“So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.(TPO10-1 Chinese Pottery)
解析：该句是“so…that”结构中的so位于句首引起的倒装，因此该句变成正常语序为：“These pieces were so admired that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.”意思为：这些艺术品受到极高的赞赏，于是他们鼓励制陶来仿制瓷器，并激励人们研究制作方法。
4.主语较长，为使句子平衡或强调，倒装表语或状语。
这种倒装句通常是介词短语、形容词(短语)和分词(短语)位于句首。
如：
By his sides is his wife who is very elegant and beautiful.(在他旁边是他美丽优雅的妻子)
Green are the clouds in the sky and faded are leaves on the ground.(碧云天，黄叶地)
Sitting in the class are students who come from all across the China.(坐在教室里的学生来自中国各地)
例句：Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.(OG The Origins of Cetaceans)
解析：该句的主语是“fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.”其中“intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans”(哺乳动物和海洋鲸鱼之间过渡性)是“fossils”的定语。由于该句主语过长，为了使句子平衡，把表语“Missing until recently”置于句首引起倒装句。该句变成正常语序为：“Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently.”意思为“哺乳动物和海洋鲸鱼之间过渡性的化石现在找到了。”
5. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, had, 或should, 可以把他们放到句首,省略连词if,变成倒装句。
例句1：In contrast, should another ice age occur, sea level would drop drastically.(TPO15-3 Glacier Formation)
解析：对于这种倒装句的处理是：第一步，把if还原;第二部，理解句子。因此if还原之后该句变成：“In contrast, if another ice age should occur, sea level would drop drastically.”由if引导的从句“should occur”的使用可知，该句是对将来的虚拟。意思为：对比之下，如果再次发生冰川世纪，海平面将会大大下降
例句2：Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.(TPO10-1 Chinese Pottery 11题)
解析：该句是把条件从句放在了句子后面，if还原之后变成：“Their significance may have remained clear if the Chinese had not come under foreign influence.”由“had not come” 的使用可知该句是对过去的虚拟，意思为：如果中国没有受到外国的影响，它们的重要性可能保持清晰。”
基础薄弱如何应考雅思阅读
如果翻开这些把题全都做过一遍但是成绩依然不高的考生的书，一般都会看到，书的原文部分除了一些简单的标记以外，基本是干干净净的，只有在后面题目处写了答案和改正后的答案。做完题书依然保持这个状态的同学的做题状态不难推断：热情满满地拿起一篇文章的题就做，做完后赶紧对答案，对完后发现有很多错误，信心指数马上直线下降，于是把正确答案草草写上，把书扔在一边，然后由衷的发出一声感叹：阅读真难!事实上，以这个状态做题，对提高阅读成绩不会有任何帮助，反而是在“浪费”宝贵的真题。那怎么样使用真题才是正确的呢?
首先，要明确一个概念，单词基础非常薄弱的同学最好不要直接用真题进行练习，而是要选择一些以夯实基础为主的教材入手，认真进行一段时间的单词语法及基本解题思路的积累，再开始接触剑桥雅思真题。在用真题练习时，目标不仅仅是做练习，而是要把真题的作用发挥到最大。
使用真题应该分为以下五个阶段进行：
第一阶段——做题。
在具备了一定单词量的情况下，先根据老师指导的解题思路认真做题，做完后核对答案;
第二阶段——更正错题。
更正错题并不是把正确答案写上就可以了，而是要想明白自己到底为什么错了，是定位不准确?同义替换没有识别出?还是干脆单词不认识?识别出自己的问题后，认真按照正确答案的指引再从头把这道题思考一遍，如果是同义替换或者单词的问题，要立即把影响答案的单词或替换记下来;
第三阶段——积累同义替换。
这一步对于提高阅读速度和单词量都非常重要。在做完题并且思考清楚错题的基础上，用题目和原文相关位置进行比对，因为题目和原文都是对应同义替换的关系，(特别是在summary题型中，这种对应尤其明显)所以必然会发现很多同义替换形式，要立即积累。
第四阶段——精读。
这一步做完后真题才能算真正是被“榨干”了，精读也是真正能够提高阅读能力和阅读成绩的“王道”。在做完题、积累完同义替换后，需要把原文从头到尾精读一遍，遇到不认识的单词先不查字典，自己根据上下文的意思猜测，最后再查，一般会发现自己猜测的意思和字典里的意思不会差的特别多。这样在原文中积累单词，有上下文有语境，效果会比较好。
最后一个阶段是针对想冲刺高分的同学的——背句子。
在精读完成后，想在写作中拿高分的同学可以选择一些结构或用词好的句子进行背诵，因为真题的文章都非常地道，这些句子用在写作中会成为亮点，对写作大有帮助。
托福阅读句子简化题例题整理
句子简化题(Sentence Simplification)：
考查读者认定文章中某一特定复杂句子所传达的基本内容，并不受细枝末节的干扰，用简化的句子表达原句基本内容的能力。
例题
. . . Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters, and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object’s primary function . . .
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.
B. The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.
C. Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.
D. The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.
正确答案：A
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