托福阅读最后一题顺序解析
托福阅读最后一题是多选题，需要考生六选三。且不说能否能选到正确答案，选中答案的顺序是否也会影响得分?例如，我的答案是ECA，而正确答案是ACE，那是否能得全分呢?TPO上这六个的排列顺序很不固定，如何回答托福阅读最后一题。下面小编就给大家分析一下!
托福阅读最后一题顺序解析
最后一道题是从6个中选3个，可是TPO上这六个的排列顺序很不固定：
有的答案是按横向：
A B
C D
E F
有的答案是按纵向：
A D
B E
C F
这样选择的时候虽然选对了，但那三个空没有按顺序，也会被判错。这是怎么回事?
小马过河国际教育托福名师答：不会的，只要选的3个内容是对的，不分顺序的。
托福阅读最后一题的评分标准：
托福阅读六选三的题满分2分，选对2个得1分，选对1个不得分;
托福阅读七选五的题满分3分，选对4个得2分，选对3个得1分，选对两个和两个以下不得分
托福阅读最后一题的答题方法
方法一：
选大意的题目：先用最快的速度按细节排除的原则作，一般能排除两个细节选项，那么最多只错一个了，然后往往还有一个选项是被改动过是错的，所以很快就做对了。
做托福阅读时先浏览每个段落的首句(第一段短的话每句都要看)，然后按段落记录关键词。
方法二：
1、分清楚文章细节与主题。在读文章的时候做好文章分析，那些是本段论点，那些是段落中的举例，和离体内容。那些肯定不是答案。除了一种情况，大段举例可以作为主旨。
2、托福阅读时做好简单笔记。理清文章思路。那些是论点及论点的支持论据，那些是转折，作者态度，就这三点。
3、排除文章中没有提到的选项。
用这些方法，相信多加练习是可以作对的。
方法三：
托福阅读最后一题感觉大致分为两种情况：比较普通的一种是选三个文章讨论的主要内容，另一种是仅针对文章某一部分的三个主要方面。
由此可见，一般情况下文章肯定是有三个中心论点(不管是并列或是顺承或是递进)，所以可以按照这样的方法解题。
1、回原文
2、跳过首段(首段一般交代背景引出总话题，但最后一题问的是分话题)
3、重读每段首句，读的时候主要确认分话题的组成段落。一定是某个或某几个自然段组成一个分话题，不可能出现一段中两个分话题的，反正我没见过。
4、心中确认了三个分话题，可以提取出关键词(如候鸟导航里三个：太阳、生物钟、星星)，在提取关键词时候是基于做前面题对文章每段内容的了解上，因为有的在段落末句而非首句，有的在句中。
5、最后找答案，很好使，不过注意文章的主要讨论对象不能变(见蒸汽机那篇)。
6、所选答案都是结论性的。
托福阅读备考有哪些关键点?
一、词汇量的增加
如果考生想要提高自己的阅读做题速度，那么首要任务就是积累单词量，掌握一些高频单词的词义、语法以及运用。
对于托福考试来说，阅读每篇大概有700个单词。而且其中有很多学术类词汇，也就是我们日常生活中比较少见到的词汇。由此可知，托福阅读对中国考生的词汇量、语法难度的要求是非常高的。因此考生在学习过程中对那些最容易在托福阅读文章里出现的高频词汇一定要多做归纳整理，然后对这些单词加以熟练运用、掌握。
二、长难句的分析
长难句的分析依赖于学生的语法知识和对于句子主干的提取。通过掌握语法知识、复杂句型和英语语句的结构等来提高自己的分析能力。
大家在做托福阅读的过程中应该可以感觉到英语语法内容知识点的重要性。想要从容应对这些托福阅读，最关键的是对文章内容的句子结构分析。提升句子结构，就是指将主谓宾结构部分和定状补修饰成分准确把握。
三、灵活掌握阅读方法：精读与意群阅读
托福阅读中精读就是把句子中的每一个词认真的读一遍，从而理解整段话的全部内容以及句子间的逻辑关系。在阅读理解中长难句的理解上会出现花费时间长来理解，但是能够精准的掌握整个句子在文章中的影响，这就是阅读精读。
意群阅读是在阅读过程中准确的获取信息，准确把握信息即可，所以想在比较短的时间内获得足够的信息，意群阅读是很合适的方法。意群阅读的方法与精读不同不用把注意力放在每一个单词上，而意群阅读是以词组、固定搭配和完整词意为单位的阅读，只要掌握该句所表达的含义即可。
总体来说，托福阅读要想拿高分，词汇量是基础，掌握各种长难句、英语语句结构是关键，加快阅读和分析速度是核心。
托福阅读材料练习：Plant adaptation to the desert
Cactus adaptations.
The secret to the superior endurance of cacti lies in their adaptations. Over millions of years, through natural selection, only the strongest and best adapted species survived.
As you know, it is very dry in the desert. Plants that adapt to this are known as xerophytes (from xeros, dry and phyton, plant). There are plants that avoid the dry season by sprouting from seed just after the spring rain and growing very fast so that by the time the dry season comes, they have already produced a lot of seeds and died. These seeds lie on the soil for the dry season and sprout again in spring and the cycle repeats. Other xerophytes simply drop their leaves and stay dormant for the winter. But there is another special type of xerophyte which stores water in its fleshy tissues. Such plants are called succulents (from succus, juicy). The cactus is a typical example of a succulent.
If you cut a cactus open, you see a juicy, slimy tissue. This is where the moisture is stored for the dry season. The part between the middle circle (or pith) and just under the very green part of the plant (or palisade parenchyma) just under the skin is allocated for the storage of water and food for the plant. This is a type of spongy parenchyma and can take up up to 85% of the plant's volume. This is a major adaptation in the desert. Because the plant remains completely alive during the dry season and there is no need for it to dry up and lose everything, makes it possible for the plant to grow to large sizes. Another advantage is that the plant retains supplies (in the form of starch) for the winter so that it can flower right away in spring without accumulating more supplies (as most plants need to do in spring). The whole purpose of storing supplies for the winter is mostly to energize flowering in spring but it also lets the cactus start growing much sooner.
Flowering plants breathe and transpire (evaporate water from their surface) through closeable microscopic pores called stomates on the leaves or stems. To do this, their pores have to be open. In most plants these are open all day and on warm nights. But for cacti this is inconvenient as in daytime it is very hot and thus the plant would lose a lot of water through evaporation. So the cactus must close them in the daytime. But then it cannot breathe or photosynthesize (the process where sugars are made from carbon dioxide and water and releasing oxygen using the sun's energy). Succulents have an adaptation to that. Their stomates are closed during the day and are open at night, when it is not that hot and store carbon dioxide in its tissues as crassulean acid and then turn it back to carbon dioxide in the daytime. This process is called crassulean acid metabolism or CAM and it is a very smart way of respiring in the desert.
If we look at the outside of the plant, we notice that there is a tough leathery skin covering the plant, we can also notice the presence of ribs and spines and sometimes fur. These are all very smart adaptations. They serve mainly for surviving heat but are also used as defense.
The tough leathery skin is very impermeable to water, thus reducing evaporation from the surface of the plant. This skin often has a layer of plant wax on it which is often lightly coloured (Pilosocereus azures is an example of a plant with such wax), white or blue. This reflects light and also reduces evaporation from the inside.
The ribs are special structures that are also used for enduring extreme heat. The ribs (and spines) trap wind so that the plant is enveloped in a layer of extremely still air, and this is a very important factor in reducing evaporation. On a very windy days even the ribs don't help and cacti sometimes wilt because of high water loss.
The spines have different functions. They not only help shade the plant from the sun but are also known to help the cactus absorb water. They do it like this. On cool nights, dew settles on the spines of the plant. The spines are actually known to draw droplets of water towards the areole (the point out of which the spines grow) and here the droplets are absorbed. You can try this at home. Spray the plants with a very fine mist of water and watch what happens to the droplets that settle on the spines. They literally get attracted to the areole along the spine. The spine's structure allows them to do this. Even spines pointing downwards seem to suck the droplets up themselves.
Adaptation features are visible in this Pilosocereus glauchochorous. Notice the spines, ribs, fur and wax (the blue coloration). The top of a typically adapted plant.
Some plants have fur, sometimes all over the plant, sometimes only near the top. This fur shades the plant even further and is also known to attract water towards the areole. Some plants only have fur near the top. This is very beneficial because the top of the plant is very sensitive to sunlight, new tissues get formed there. Young areoles, with their spines not even wooded yet can get dried up completely in the sun. When an areole is born near the top of the plant, it starts developing spines. At this time the fur appears as well. This fur accompanies the areole as it moves down the plant, shading the growing point inside. By the time the areole is about 15cm away from the top, the fur wears out completely and the now inactive areole gets exposed to the sun.
As for the roots of cacti, they are also fully adapted to living in the desert. Some species (especially plants from very dry deserts) have very shallow root systems that spread very far from the plant. This way the plant can take advantage of tiny amounts of moisture from dew or light rain as the roots spread far away and are very shallow (less than 10cm deep while spreading up to 5 metres from the parent plant). On the other hand, some cacti send their roots deep down (like many Echinocacti) to reach the ground water.
Rainforest cacti often have aerial roots that can collect water all the time when it rains (and it rains very often in South American forests).
The shape of cacti itself is an adaptation. You may have noticed that cacti have a barrel like or candle like shape. This allows for maximum internal volume with a minimum surface area, which is also very smart adaption as a cactus can store a lot of water and have a small external surface area to reduce water loss.
【托福阅读】长难句解析——蓄水层水量不足
托福阅读长难句实例
Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.
句子分析
本句逗号比较多，容易使人看不清主要意思。本句中的but unfortunately引起前后两句的转折关系，在前半句中，indicate that引导的宾语从句，表达观点。在后半句中，核心意思是rates of addition of the aquifer are minimal，而其前面under the semiarid climatic conditions这个介词短语后有that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的conditions，最后amounting to(相当于)是现在分词作状语，对核心意思进行补充说明。
单词回顾
本句有一些地质学的词汇，比如：aquifer 蓄水层，semiarid 半干旱的，rates of addition 补水的速率。另外，请注意rate除了有“比率”的意思，还可以作动词，表示“评估，评价”，比如：This is rated as a five-star hotel. 这家酒店被评为五星级。She doesn’t rate herself very highly. 她自视不高。最后，amount to表示“相当于”，比如：a cargo amounting to 2,000 tons 共计2,000吨货物。
句子翻译
我们可以这样翻译：“据估计，蓄水层含有足够的水来填满休伦湖。但不幸的是，在目前处于该地区的半干旱气候的影响下，该蓄水层的补水率极低，总计每年大概半厘米左右。”
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