剑桥雅思阅读10原文翻译答案精讲(test3)

　　

剑桥雅思阅读部分的题目可以进行一些分类总结，因为考试的常见内容一般都会在下次考试中出现的。下面就是今天小编给大家带来的剑桥雅思阅读10(test3)的翻译及答案精讲内容，希望能够帮助同学们备考雅思考试。

      剑桥雅思阅读10原文(test3)

　　READING PASSAGE 1

　　You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.

　　Questions 1-4

　　Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E.

　　Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.

　　Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet

　　List of Headings

　　i Economic and social significance of tourism

　　ii The development of mass tourism

　　iii Travel for the wealthy

　　iv Earning foreign exchange through tourism

　　v Difficulty in recognising the economic effects of tourism

　　vi The contribution of air travel to tourism

　　vii The world impact of tourism

　　viii The history of travel

　　Example Answer

　　Paragraph A viii

　　1 Paragraph B

　　2 Paragraph C

　　3 Paragraph D

　　4 Paragraph E

　　The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism

　　A Travel has existed since the beginning of time, when primitive man set out, often traversing great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his survival. Throughout the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade, religious conviction, economic gain, war, migration and other equally compelling motivations. In the Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and high government officials also travelled for pleasure. Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and Herculaneum afforded citizens the opportunity to escape to their vacation villas in order to avoid the summer heat of Rome. Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and, throughout recorded history, has played a vital role in the development of civilisations and their economies.

　　B Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World War and the subsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signalled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. This growth led to the development of a major new industry: tourism. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a means of earning foreign exchange.

　　C Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most industrialised countries over the past few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area of services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognised as an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), ‘Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions’. In 1992, the industry’s gross output was estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12 per cent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest employer with almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 per cent of all employees. This industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 per cent of the world’s national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion in direct, indirect and personal taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself.

　　D However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry includes: hotels, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the tourism industry involves concepts that have remained amorphous to both analysts and decision makers. Moreover, in all nations this problem has made it difficult for the industry to develop any type of reliable or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to regional, national and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions or communities.

　　E Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third. For example, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. However, because of problems of definition, which directly affect statistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.

　　Questions 5-10

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

　　In boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

　　5 The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry.

　　6 Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product.

　　7 Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.

　　8 Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.

　　9 Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.

　　10 It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies.

　　Questions 11-13

　　Complete the sentences below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

　　11 In Greece, tourism is the most important .

　　12 The travel and tourism industry in Jamaica is the major .

　　13 The problems associated with measuring international tourism are often reflected in the measurement of .

　　READING PASSAGE 2

　　You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

　　Autumn leaves

　　Canadian writer Jay Ingram investigates the mystery of why leaves turn red in the fall

　　A One of the most captivating natural events of the year in many areas throughout North America is the turning of the leaves in the fall. The colours are magnificent, but the question of exactly why some trees turn yellow or orange, and others red or purple, is something which has long puzzled scientists.

　　B Summer leaves are green because they are full of chlorophyll, the molecule that captures sunlight and converts that energy into new building materials for the tree. As fall approaches in the northern hemisphere, the amount of solar energy available declines considerably. For many trees — evergreen conifers being an exception — the best strategy is to abandon photosynthesis_until the spring. So rather than maintaining the now redundant leaves throughout the winter, the tree saves its precious resources and discards them. But before letting its leaves go, the tree dismantles their chlorophyll molecules and ships their valuable nitrogen back into the twigs. As chlorophyll is depleted, other colours that have been dominated by it throughout the summer begin to be revealed. This unmasking explains the autumn colours of yellow and orange, but not the brilliant reds and purples of trees such as the maple or sumac.

　　C The source of the red is widely known: it is created by anthocyanins, water-soluble plant pigments reflecting the red to blue range of the visible spectrum. They belong to a class of sugar-based chemical compounds also known as flavonoids. What’s puzzling is that anthocyanins are actually newly minted, made in the leaves at the same time as the tree is preparing to drop them. But it is hard to make sense of the manufacture of anthocyanins — why should a tree bother making new chemicals in its leaves when it’s already scrambling to withdraw and preserve the ones already there?

　　D Some theories about anthocyanins have argued that they might act as a chemical defence against attacks by insects or fungi, or that they might attract fruit-eating birds or increase a leaf’s tolerance to freezing. However there are problems with each of these theories, including the fact that leaves are red for such a relatively short period that the expense of energy needed to manufacture the anthocyanins would outweigh any anti-fungal or anti-herbivore activity achieved.

　　_photosynthesis: the production of new material from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide

　　E It has also been proposed that trees may produce vivid red colours to convince herbivorous insects that they are healthy and robust and would be easily able to mount chemical defences against infestation. If insects paid attention to such advertisements, they might be prompted to lay their eggs on a duller, and presumably less resistant host. The flaw in this theory lies in the lack of proof to support it. No one has as yet ascertained whether more robust trees sport the brightest leaves, or whether insects make choices according to colour intensity.

　　F Perhaps the most plausible suggestion as to why leaves would go to the trouble of making anthocyanins when they’re busy packing up for the winter is the theory known as the ‘light screen’ hypothesis. It sounds paradoxical, because the idea behind this hypothesis is that the red pigment is made in autumn leaves to protect chlorophyll, the light-absorbing chemical, from too much light. Why does chlorophyll need protection when it is the natural world’s supreme light absorber? Why protect chlorophyll at a time when the tree is breaking it down to salvage as much of it as possible?

　　G Chlorophyll, although exquisitely evolved to capture the energy of sunlight, can sometimes be overwhelmed by it, especially in situations of drought, low temperatures, or nutrient deficiency. Moreover, the problem of oversensitivity to light is even more acute in the fall, when the leaf is busy preparing for winter by dismantling its internal machinery. The energy absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules of the unstable autumn leaf is not immediately channelled into useful products and processes, as it would be in an intact summer leaf. The weakened fall leaf then becomes vulnerable to the highly destructive effects of the oxygen created by the excited chlorophyll molecules.

　　H Even if you had never suspected that this is what was going on when leaves turn red, there are clues out there. One is straightforward: on many trees, the leaves that are the reddest are those on the side of the tree which gets most sun. Not only that, but the red is brighter on the upper side of the leaf. It has also been recognised for decades that the best conditions for intense red colours are dry, sunny days and cool nights, conditions that nicely match those that make leaves susceptible to excess light. And finally, trees such as maples usually get much redder the more north you travel in the northern hemisphere. It’s colder there, they’re more stressed, their chlorophyll is more sensitive and it needs more sunblock.

　　I What is still not fully understood, however, is why some trees resort to producing red pigments while others don’t bother, and simply reveal their orange or yellow hues. Do these trees have other means at their disposal to prevent overexposure to light in autumn? Their story, though not as spectacular to the eye, will surely turn out to be as subtle and as complex.

　　Questions 14-18

　　Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.

　　Which paragraph contains the following information?

　　Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

　　NB You may use any letter more than once.

　　14 a description of the substance responsible for the red colouration of leaves

　　15 the reason why trees drop their leaves in autumn

　　16 some evidence to confirm a theory about the purpose of the red leaves

　　17 an explanation of the function of chlorophyll

　　18 a suggestion that the red colouration in leaves could serve as a warning signal

　　Questions 19-22

　　Complete the notes below.

　　Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.

　　Why believe the ‘light screen’ hypothesis?

　　?The most vividly coloured red leaves are found on the side of the tree facing the 19 .

　　The 20 surfaces of leaves contain the most red pigment.

　　Red leaves are most abundant when daytime weather conditions are 21 and sunny.

　　The intensity of the red colour of leaves increases as you go further 22 .

　　Questions 23-25

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?

　　In boxes 23-25 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

　　23 It is likely that the red pigments help to protect the leaf from freezing temperatures.

　　24 The ‘light screen’ hypothesis would initially seem to contradict what is known about chlorophyll.

　　25 Leaves which turn colours other than red are more likely to be damaged by sunlight.

　　Question 26

　　Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.

　　Write the correct letter in box 26 on your answer sheet.

　　For which of the following questions does the writer offer an explanation?

　　A why conifers remain green in winter

　　B how leaves turn orange and yellow in autumn

　　C how herbivorous insects choose which trees to lay their eggs in

　　D why anthocyanins are restricted to certain trees

　　READING PASSAGE 3

　　You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

　　Beyond the blue horizon

　　Ancient voyagers who settled the far-flung islands of the Pacific Ocean

　　An important archaeological discovery on the island of Efate in the Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu has revealed traces of an ancient seafaring people, the distant ancestors of today’s Polynesians. The site came to light only by chance. An agricultural worker, digging in the grounds of a derelict plantation, scraped open a grave — the first of dozens in a burial ground some 3,000 years old. It is the oldest cemetery ever found in the Pacific islands, and it harbors the remains of an ancient people archaeologists call the Lapita.

　　They were daring blue-water adventurers who used basic canoes to rove across the ocean. But they were not just explorers. They were also pioneers who carried with them everything they would need to build new lives — their livestock, taro seedlings and stone tools. Within the span of several centuries, the Lapita stretched the boundaries of their world from the jungle-clad volcanoes of Papua New Guinea to the loneliest coral outliers of Tonga.

　　The Lapita left precious few clues about themselves, but Efate expands the volume of data available to researchers dramatically. The remains of 62 individuals have been uncovered so far, and archaeologists were also thrilled to find six complete Lapita pots. Other items included a Lapita burial urn with modeled birds arranged on the rim as though peering down at the human remains sealed inside. ‘It’s an important discovery,’ says Matthew Spriggs, professor of archaeology at the Australian National University and head of the international team digging up the site, ‘for it conclusively identifies the remains as Lapita.’

　　DNA teased from these human remains may help answer one of the most puzzling questions in Pacific anthropology: did all Pacific islanders spring from one source or many? Was there only one outward migration from a single point in Asia, or several from different points? ‘This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,’ says Spriggs, ‘to find out who the Lapita actually were, where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.’

　　There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: how did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No-one has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed. Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they turn into myths long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.

　　‘All we can say for certain is that the Lapita had canoes that were capable of ocean voyages, and they had the ability to sail them,’ says Geoff Irwin, a professor of archaeology at the University of Auckland. Those sailing skills, he says, were developed and passed down over thousands of years by earlier mariners who worked their way through the archipelagoes of the western Pacific, making short crossings to nearby islands. The real adventure didn’t begin, however, until their Lapita descendants sailed out of sight of land, with empty horizons on every side. This must have been as difficult for them as landing on the moon is for us today. Certainly it distinguished them from their ancestors, but what gave them the courage to launch out on such risky voyages?

　　The Lapita’s thrust into the Pacific was eastward, against the prevailing trade winds, Irwin notes. Those nagging headwinds, he argues, may have been the key to their success. ‘They could sail out for days into the unknown and assess the area, secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride back on the trade winds. This is what would have made the whole thing work.’ Once out there, skilled seafarers would have detected abundant leads to follow to land: seabirds, coconuts and twigs carried out to sea by the tides, and the afternoon pile-up of clouds on the horizon which often indicates an island in the distance.

　　For returning explorers, successful or not, the geography of their own archipelagoes would have provided a safety net. Without this to go by, overshooting their home ports, getting lost and sailing off into eternity would have been all too easy. Vanuatu, for example, stretches more than 500 miles in a northwest-southeast trend, its scores of intervisible islands forming a backstop for mariners riding the trade winds home.

　　All this presupposes one essential detail, says Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University: the Lapita had mastered the advanced art of sailing against the wind. ‘And there’s no proof they could do any such thing,’ Anderson says. ‘There has been this assumption they did, and people have built canoes to re-create those early voyages based on that assumption. But nobody has any idea what their canoes looked like or how they were rigged.’

　　Rather than give all the credit to human skill, Anderson invokes the winds of chance. El Nino, the same climate disruption that affects the Pacific today, may have helped scatter the Lapita, Anderson suggests. He points out that climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific indicate a series of unusually frequent El Ninos around the time of the Lapita expansion. By reversing the regular east-to-west flow of the trade winds for weeks at a time, these ‘super El Ninos’ might have taken the Lapita on long unplanned voyages.

　　However they did it, the Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific, then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther. They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total, and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands — more than 300 in Fiji alone.

　　Questions 27-31

　　Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A-J, below.

　　Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 27-31 on your sheet.

　　The Efate burial site

　　A 3,000-year-old burial ground of a seafaring people called the Lapita has been found on an abandoned 27 on the Pacific island of Efate. The cemetery, which is a significant 28 , was uncovered accidentally by an agricultural worker.

　　The Lapita explored and colonised many Pacific islands over several centuries. They took many things with them on their voyages including 29 and tools.

　　The burial ground increases the amount of information about the Lapita available to scientists. A team of researchers, led by Matthew Spriggs from the Australian National University, are helping with the excavation of the site. Spriggs believes the 30 which was found at the site is very important since it confirms that the 31 found inside are Lapita.

　　A proof

　　B plantation

　　C harbour

　　D bones

　　E data

　　F archaeological discovery

　　G burial urn

　　H source

　　I animals

　　J maps

　　Questions 32-35

　　Choose the correct letter, A. B, C or D.

　　Write the correct letter in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.

　　32 According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how the Lapita accomplished their journeys because

　　A the canoes that have been discovered offer relatively few clues.

　　B archaeologists have shown limited interest in this area of research.

　　C little information relating to this period can be relied upon for accuracy.

　　D technological advances have altered the way such achievements are viewed.

　　33 According to the sixth paragraph, what was extraordinary about the Lapita?

　　A They sailed beyond the point where land was visible.

　　B Their cultural heritage discouraged the expression of fear.

　　C They were able to build canoes that withstood ocean voyages.

　　D Their navigational skills were passed on from one generation to the next.

　　34 What does ‘This’ refer to in the seventh paragraph?

　　A the Lapita’s seafaring talent

　　B the Lapita’s ability to detect signs of land

　　C the Lapita’s extensive knowledge of the region

　　D the Lapita’s belief they would be able to return home

　　35 According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant?

　　A It played an important role in Lapita culture.

　　B It meant there were relatively few storms at sea.

　　C It provided a navigational aid for the Lapita.

　　D It made a large number of islands habitable.

　　Questions 36-40

　　Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?

　　In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write

　　YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer

　　NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer

　　NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

　　36 It is now clear that the Lapita could sail into a prevailing wind.

　　37 Extreme climate conditions may have played a role in Lapita migration.

　　38 The Lapita learnt to predict the duration of El Ninos.

　　39 It remains unclear why the Lapita halted their expansion across the Pacific.

　　40 It is likely that the majority of Lapita settled on Fiji.

　　剑桥雅思阅读10原文参考译文(test3)

　　Passage 1参考译文：

　　旅游的背景，意义和范畴

　　A. 自从上帝创造了万物以来，旅行就已经存在了：那时原始人启程，常常穿越很远的距离搜寻猎物，这些猎物提供了生存所必需的食物以及衣物。贯穿人类历史，人类为了贸易、宗教信仰、经济所得、战争、移民以及其他同样具有吸引力的动机而旅行。在罗马时代，独有的贵族以及高级政府官员同样为了享乐而旅行。坐落在Pompeii和Herculaneum的海边度假胜地给人们提供了一个逃离到度假别墅的机会，从而避免了罗马夏日的酷暑。除了在黑暗时代，旅游是一直在发展的，而且人类历史自从有记录以来，旅游在文明发展以及经济发展当中起到了极为关键的作用。

　　B.如今，我们知道的大众旅游的形式是20世纪独有的现象。历史学家们认为，大众旅游的出现开始于英国工业革命时期，因为它伴随着中产阶级的崛起和容易获取到的相对廉价的交通方式。第二次世界大战过后的商业、航空工业的创造以及之后20世纪60年代的喷气式飞机的发展，标志着跨国旅游的快速增长与扩张。这种增长导致了一个主要的新的工业的发展：旅游业。反过来，国际旅游的发展成为众多国家的要事，因为它不仅提供了新的就业机会，也产生了创造外汇的新途径。

　　C.今天，在经济以及社会价值方面，旅游业地位都显著提升。大多教的工业化国家在过去的几十年，都在服务业领域经历了最快速的发展。尽管在有些国家当中，旅行和旅游业在很大程度上并不被认为是一个实体，但他们却是服务业最大的几个板块之一。根据世界旅游与旅游协会的资料(1992)，‘几乎用任何一种经济指标衡量，旅行和旅游业都是世界上最大的产业，这些指标包括增值资本投资、就业以及税收贡献。’在1992年，工业总产值估计为3.5万亿美元，比全部消费支出的12%还要多。创造了 1.3亿个就业岗位(差不多全部就业人口的7%)，旅行和旅游业雇佣的人数最多。这一产业是世界领先的产业贡献者，每年它产出了超过6%的世界国民生产总值，占据了超过来源于直接、间接以及个人税收4220亿美金的资本投资。因此，旅游业不仅对世界经济有着深远的影响，而且由于旅游的教育性意义和对就业的作用，对社会本身也有深远的影响。

　　D.旅行和旅游业隐藏了或者模糊了它的经济影响，其主要问题是这一工业的多样性与不完整性。旅游产业包括：酒店、汽车旅馆和其他形式的住宿业;餐厅以及其他形式的食物供应行业;交通服务以及设施;游乐场、旅游景点、和其他休闲设施;礼品商店以及大量的其他企业。因为很多这些企业也服务本地居民，游客消费的影响容易被忽略或者低估。另外，Meis (1992)指出旅游业涉及一些对于分析家以及政策制定者而言都觉得无定形的、抽象的概念。更进一步说，在所有国家，这一问题使得旅游业难以开发任何形式的有效而可信的旅游信息库来测算旅游业对地区、国家甚至全球的经济贡献。但是这种多样性的本质使得旅行和旅游业成为许多国家、地区或者是社群经济发展的理想工具。

　　E.旅行和旅游业过去曾经是有钱人独享的领城，现在却已成为大多数人习惯的生活方式。事实上，McIntosh和Goeldner (1990)指出，对于很多国家，旅游业已成了跨国贸易中的最大的商品，对于其他一定数量的国家而言，旅游业也排在了第二位或第三位。例如，旅游业是百慕大、希腊、意大利、西班牙、瑞士和大多数加勒比海国家的最大收入来源。另外，Hawkins和Ritchie引用美国运通公司的数据，指出旅行和旅游产业在巴哈马、巴西、加拿大、法国、(前)西德、香港、意大利、牙买加、日本、新加坡、英国、美国是雇佣员工最多的产业。但是由于定义的问题直接影响到了统计性的测量，确定地提出精确、有效、可靠的关于世界范围旅游业参与程度以及其经济影响的数据是不大可能的。在很多情况下，当人们试图测量国内的旅游业时，相似的问题也出现了。

　　Test 3 Passage 2参考译文：

　　秋叶

　　加拿大作家Jay Ingram调查树叶在秋关变红的秘密

　　A.每年北美多个地区里最为迷人的自然事件之一，就是秋叶变色之时。叶子的颜色都很壮观美丽，但一个确切的问题还久久地困扰着科学家们，就是为什么一些树会变成黄色或橙色，而 其他树则变为红色或紫色。

　　B.夏天树叶是绿色的，因为它们有足够的叶绿素，而这些分子能捕捉到阳光，并将其转化成作为树木生长新原料的能量。当北半球秋天临近时，太阳能的可利用成分会大量地减少。对于很多树种来说——常绿松柏类植物是个例外——最好的应对措施是停止光合作用，直到春天到来。所以，树木与其在整个冬天里保留现有的多余叶子，倒不如保存珍贵的养料而丢弃它们。但在这些叶子凋落之前，树木会拆分它们的叶绿素分子，并将这些分子内有用的氮传送回细枝里。一旦叶绿素被耗尽，在夏天里因叶绿素的主导作用，而被抑制的其他颜色便开始显现。这个发现解释了秋叶的黄与橙，却并未解释出如同枫树和漆树一般的灿烂的红色和紫色。

　　C. 红色的原料是众所周知的：它由不同的花青素提炼出来，一种在可见光谱中能显现红到蓝的水溶性植物色素。他们属于一个级别的糖本化合物，也称之为类黄酮。令人困惑的是花青素是新制成的，即树木准备让叶子凋零的时候才在叶子中生成。但树木生成花青素的行为难以被理解一为什么树木在它现有的叶子中吸收和保存花青素，还要忙着在叶子里制作新的这种化学物质?

　　D. 一些关于花青素的理论认为它们是用作防止昆虫和真菌伤害的化学防御，或是用于吸引以食果类为生的鸟类，或是增大叶子的耐寒能力。然而这些理论个个都存在问题，包括下面的事实：叶子保持红色的时期如此之短，以至于在该时期内制造花青素所需消耗的能量大于任何抗菌或抵抗食草动物活动所需的能量。

　　E. 它(理论)也建议，树木可以生成鲜艳的红色，让食草昆虫相信他们自身是健康强壮的，并能轻易地增加化学防御来抵抗感染。如果昆虫们注意到这些树木类似的“宣传”信心，它们可能更多地在一些暗沉的，抵挡性较弱的寄主上产卵。这个理论上的错误就在于缺乏事实依据的支撑。到现在为止，没有人能确定是否越强壮的树越能展示出明亮的树叶，或昆虫是否会根据颜色亮度来选择树木。

　　F. 或许看似最有理的推断是一个被称为“光屏”的假设。该假设解释了为什么叶子在忙着准备过冬时，不顾麻烦也去制造花青素。这听起来是矛盾的，因为这假设背后的想法是红色素是在秋叶中生成的，以此来保护叶绿素，这个吸光化学物，免受过强光源的伤害。为什么叶绿素需要保护，当它是自然界中最优质的光源吸收体?为什么正是树木折断需被抢救时要 尽可能保护叶绿素?

　　G.尽管精妙地参与到捕捉太阳光能量的过程中，叶绿素有时也会被破坏，特别是当环境是干燥、低温或营养缺失时。这时的叶子正忙碌地为过冬分解内在机制。由摇摇欲坠的秋叶中的叶绿素分子吸收而来的能量，并不能立即被传送到有用的产物和过程中，因为它将构成一片完整的夏叶。老弱的秋叶是由活跃的叶绿素分子造成的，因受具有摧毁性作用的氧化影响而变得容易残破。

　　H. 即便你不曾怀疑叶子变红时发生了什么，但迹象已经摆在眼前。首先能明确的是：对于许多树而言，最红的叶子都是在树木近阳的一面。不仅这样，最发亮的红也出现在叶子的最顶端。为世代所认识的是，对于形成深红颜色的最佳条件是干燥、晴天和凉爽的夜晚，这是让叶子最大程度吸光的最佳条件。最后，如例如枫树一般的树木在北半球越北的地方，叶子就会越红。那里更冷， 树木会感到更有压迫，而它们的叶绿素也会更敏感，需要更多的阳光。

　　I.然而，仍未探明的是为什么一些树木借助生成红色素，而其他则不用，就能轻易地显示出他们的黄橙色调。是那些树有别的解决方法去阻挡在秋天的过分暴晒吗?他们的故事，或许在我们眼里并不惊人，但必定精妙而复杂。

　　Test 3 Passage 3参考译文：

　　蓝色海平线外

　　居住在太平洋遥远岛屿上的古代航行者

　　一项关于太平洋Vanuatu群岛上的岛的重要考古发现，揭开了一个古老的航海种族的行踪，该种族恰恰也是今天Polynesians亚种族的远古祖先。Efate岛是偶然被世人发现的。一位农业工作者，在挖掘一个被废弃的种植园时，挖开了一个坟墓，而该坟墓仅是一块大约有3000年历史的墓地上数十个坟墓中的第一个。 这是在太平洋群岛上至今为止发现的最古老的墓地，它里面躺着一个远古种族的众多遗体。考古学家们称该种族为Lapita。

　　Lapita种族是勇敢的蓝色大海上的冒险者，他们曾经用简单的独木舟穿越海洋。但是他们不仅仅是探险者。他们也是开拓者，携带了一切需要的物品来创建新生活，这些物品包括他们的家畜，芋头幼苗和石具。在长达几个世纪的时间里，种族把他们世界的边界，从Papua New Guinea岛上覆盖着丛林的火山群，延伸到汤加群岛上最孤寂的布满珊瑚的外围地带。

　　Lipita种族仅仅留下可几条关于自身的宝贵线索，但是Efate岛大大地扩充了对研究象来说有用数据量。62位Lapita人的遗体至今经被挖掘出来了，考古学家们同时也非常激动地发现了六个完整的陶罐。其他发掘出的物品包括一个Lipita人的骨灰瓮，瓮的边缘散布着仿制的小鸟，仿佛在向下凝视着密封在里面的Lapita的遗体。“这是个重要的发现，”澳大利亚国立大学考古学教授兼挖掘场地的国际团队的总负责人Matthew Spriggs表成“因为它令人信服地确定了遗体便是Lapita种族。”

　　从这些人类遗体中提取出来的DNA可能能够帮助解答其中一个在太平洋人类学中最让人困惑的问题，即所有的太平洋岛上居民来源于一个祖先还是多个。是只有一批来自亚洲某个地方的外来移民， 还是有若千批来自不同地方的外来移民?

　　“Efate岛的发现是我们有史以来最好的机会，” Sprigg说道，“来探索Lapita种族到底是怎么样的种族，他们来自哪里，以及当今与他们关系最紧密的后代是哪些种族。”

　　这里还有一个棘手的问题，考古学至今提供不了多少答案，即Lapita人是怎么样在远古时期完成相当于月球登陆般艰难的穿越海洋的行动，而且还那么多次? 至今没有人发现一艘他们的独木舟或任何绳索，以此来发现他们的独木舟是如何航行的。同时在后来的Polynesians人的口头相传的历史故事和传统中也没能提供什么相关线索，因为在这些故事传统流传到Lapita那个时期以前，就已经变成神话传说了。

　　“我们可以确定的是Lapita人那时候已经有能够开展海洋航行的独木舟了，并且他们有能力行驶独木舟。”奥克兰大学的考古学教授Geoff Irwin表示。他说道，那些航行技能被早期航海人员发展并流传了数千年，这些早期的航海人员靠自己想方设法穿越了西部太平洋的群岛，开辟了通向邻近岛屿的短路线。然而，真正的冒险还没开始，直到他们的后裔行驶出大陆的视线范围，大陆变得每个方向都没有界限。而这肯定对他们来说很困难，如同当今我们登陆月球一样。当然这样的穿越举动使得他们从他们的祖先中突显出来，但是是什么给了他们勇气发起如此危险的航行之旅呢?

　　Irwin指出，Lapita人进入太平洋的航向是向东的，这不同于通常的顺风。他同时表明，这样艰难的逆风航行方式，也许正是也们成功的关键。“他们能够行驶数天进入未知‘和可以到达的’地带，因为他们确定地知道如果一无所获，他们能够转向乘着顺风快速返这正是促成整个探索行动成功的关键。”一旦出行，有经验的海员能够观测并跟随大量的指引线索到达新大陆，比如海鸟，被潮汐冲入大海的椰子和细枝，和下午海平线上堆积的云层，这些云层通常代表不远处有海岛。

　　对于返航的探险者，不论成功与否，他们自己群岛的地形就已经提供了一个保障安全的网罩。如果在途中没有这个安全的网罩，航行偏离他们自己的港口，迷失甚至是行驶向死亡之路将变得很容易发生。比如，Vanuatu岛，在西北到东南方向上长度达500多英里，它众多相互可见的岛屿，为乘着顺风返航的航海员们形成增援，保护着他们。

　　所有这些预设了一个重要的细节点，澳大利亚国立大学的史前时期研究教授Atholl Anderson说道， Lapita人已经早早地掌握了先进的逆风航行的技能。 “并没有证据证明他们能够做这样的事情，” Anderson表示，“但这里已经假设他们能够这样做，同时基于这样的假设，人们已经制作独木舟来再次开展那些早期的航海探险。但是没有人知道他们的独木舟到底是怎么样的或者他们是怎么样装配索具。”

　　与其全部归功于人类的技能，也得“考虑到自然风力产生的可能性”，Anderson表示。厄尔尼诺现象，如今影响太平洋的这一异常气候，也许曾帮助分散Lapita人群的分布。他指出从太平洋周围生长缓慢的珊瑚中获取的气候数据暗示着大概在Lapita人对外扩张时期，存在一系列不平常且频繁的厄尔尼诺现象。通过反转一般东西流向的顺风且每次长达数周，这些超级厄年尼诺现象大概已经促使Lapita人开始漫长且未计划过的航行之旅。

　　但是他们做到了，Lapita人分布在太平洋三分之一的岛屿上，之后由于若干只有他们知道的原因，停止了对外探索。前方太平洋中部有着大片仍未被开发的领域，也许他们太薄弱而无法继续往前探索扩张。可能总共人数算起来从未超过几千人， 在他们向东的快速迁徙过程中，他们遇见了成百上千的岛屿，单单在斐济就有300多个岛屿。

　　剑桥雅思阅读10原文解析(test3)

　　Passage 1

　　Question 1

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为ii

　　关键词：development、 mass tourism

　　定位原文：B 段前两句 “Tourism in the mass form…inexpensive transportation.” 如今， 我们所知道的大众旅游的形式是20世纪独有的现象。历史学家们认为，大众旅游的出现开始于英国的工业革命时期，因为它伴随着中产阶级的崛起和容易获取到的相对廉价的交通方式。

　　解题思路： B段先指出大众旅游是20世纪特有现象，再介绍大众旅游的出现，发展等。可 从原文的“advent”，“expansion”，“growth”看出B段主要介绍大众旅游的发展进程。

　　Question 2

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为i

　　关键词： economic、social、significance

　　定位原文： C段首句.“Tourism today... social importance.”今天旅游业在经济和社会价值两个层面上都有重要意义。

　　解题思路： C段的首句即为该段的主题句，指出旅游在经济和社会两个方面重要性大。关键词“significance”相当于原文中的“importance”。

　　Question 3

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为V

　　关键词： difficulty、recognising、economic effects

　　定位原文： D段的首句“However，the…itself.”旅行和旅游业隐藏了或者模糊了它的经济影响，其主要问题是这一产业的多样性与不完整性。和倒数第二句“Moreover, in... global economies.”更进一步说，在所有国家，这一问题使得旅游业难以开发任何形式的有效而可信的旅游信息库来测算旅游业对地区、国家甚至全球经济贡献。

　　解题思路： D段主要讲述了测量旅游业经济影响的困难。首句指出旅游业的两大特点即多 样性和不完整性，接着再进一步阐述，由于这些特点;难以开发信息库来测算其经济贡献。

　　Question 4

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为vii.

　　关键词： world impact

　　定位原文： E段第二句“In fact，McIntosh…or third.” 事实上，McIntosh 和 Goeldner指出，对于很多国家，旅游业已成跨国贸易中的最大的商品，对于其他一定数量的国家而言，旅游业也排在了第二位或第三位。

　　解题思路： E段先指出旅游已变得大众化，再举例子说明旅游是国际贸易中最大的部分，最后提出测量旅游对全球经济影响的困难。由此可见，该段主要讲述旅游的世界影响。

　　Question 5

　　参考译文： 旅行和旅游行业拥有最大的雇佣数据。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为TRUE

　　关键词： largest employment figures 、 travel and tourism

　　定位原文： C 段倒数第 3 句 “The travel and tourism industry... all employees,创造了 1.3 亿个就业岗位(差不多全部就业人口的7%),旅行和旅游行业雇佣的人数最多。

　　解题思路： 原文提到旅游业在世界上雇佣的人数最多。故答案为TRUE

　　Question 6

　　参考译文： 每年旅游业的产值超过了澳大利亚6%的国民生产总值。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为NOT GIVEN

　　关键词： over six percent、the Australian、gross national product

　　定位原文： C段倒数第二句“This industry is…each year.”这一产业是世界领先的产业贡献者，每年它产出了超过6%的世界国民生产总值，占据了超过来源于直接、 间接以及个人税收4220亿美金的资本投资。

　　解题思路： 原文只提到旅游业年产值超过世界国民生产总值的6%，并未提及澳大利亚。故 答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　Question 7

　　参考译文： 旅游业有社会影响因为它促进了娱乐产业的发展。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　关键词： social impact、recreation

　　定位原文： C段最后一句“Thus，tourism has a…society itself.”因此，旅游业不仅对世界经济有着深远的影响，而且由于旅游的教育性意义和对就业的作用，对社会本身也有深远的影响。

　　解题思路： 原文提到由于旅游的教育性意义和对就业的作用，旅游业对社会本身也有深远的影响。未提及娱乐产业，故答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　Question 8

　　参考译文： 旅行和旅游产业的两个主要特征使其经济重要性难以确定。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为TRUE

　　关键词： two main features、economic significance, difficult to ascertain

　　定位原文： D段首句“However, the major... itself”旅游和旅游业隐藏了或者模糊了它的经济影响，其主要问题是这一产业的多样性与不完整性。和倒数第2句“Moreover， in…global economies.”更远一步说，在所有国家，这一问题使得旅游业难以开发任何形式的有效而可信的旅游信息库来测算旅游业对地区、国家甚至全球的经济贡献。

　　解题思路： 原文提到旅游产业的多样性和不完整性问题使得难以测算它的经济贡献。故答案为TURE。

　　Question 9

　　参考译文： 游客的消费量总是大于旅游区当地居民的消费量。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为NOT GIVEN

　　关键词： visitor spending、 greater than、spending of residents

　　定位原文： D段第3句“Since many of... or underestimated.”因为很多这些企业也服务本地居民，游客消费的影响容易被忽略或者低估。

　　解题思路： 原文只提到游客的消费量的影响容易被忽略或低估，并未说游客的消费量大于当地居民的消费量。故答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　Question 10

　　参考译文： 很容易用数据说明旅游是如何影响个体经济的。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为FALSE

　　关键词： easy、statistically、individual economics

　　定位原文：D段倒数第2句“Moreover, in…global economies，更进一步说，在所有国家，这一问题使得旅游业难以开发任何形式的有效而可信的旅游信息库来测算旅游业对地区、国家甚至全球的经济贡献。

　　解题思路： 原文提到难以开发信息库来测算旅游业的经济贡献，即对经济的影响。注意题 旨中的 “individual economics”相当于 “all the national economics”。故答 案为FALSE。

　　Question 11

　　参考译文：在希腊，旅游业是最最重要的____.

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为 source of income/industry

　　关键词： Greece 、 the most important

　　定位原文： E 段第 3 句 “For example, tourism is the major source of income.. countries.”例如，旅游业是百慕大、希腊、意大利、西班牙、瑞士和大多数加勒比海国家的最大收入来源。

　　解题思路： 原文中提到旅游业是希腊最大的收入来源，“the most important”相当于 “the major”。故答案为 source of income/industry。

　　Question 12

　　参考译文： 旅行和旅游业在牙买加是主要的_____。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为employer .

　　关键词： Jamaica、the major

　　定位原文：E段第 4 句 “In addition, Hawkins... United States.” 另外，Hawkins 和 Ritchie 引用美国运通公司的数据，指出旅行和旅游产业在巴哈马、巴西、加拿大、法国、(前) 西德、香港、意大利、牙买加、日本、新加坡、英国、美国是雇佣员工最多的产业。

　　解题思路： 原文指出旅行和旅游产业在牙买加是雇佣员工最多的产业，其中关键词“the major” 相当与原文的 “the number one ranked”，故答案为 employer。

　　Question 13

　　参考译文： 与测量国际旅游业相关的问题主要反映在__的测量上。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为domestic tourism

　　关键词： problems、often、reflected、measurement

　　定位原文： E段末尾句“In many cases，similar... measure domestic tourism.”在很多情况下，当人们试图测量国内的旅游业时，相似的问题也出现了。

　　解题思路： 关键词 “problems”，“often” 相当于原文的 “difficulties”，“in many cases”。原文提到很多情况下，测量国内旅游业时会出现测量问题，由此可以得出答案为domestic tourism。

　　Passage 2

　　Question 14

　　参考译文： 关于某种负责叶子变成红色的物质的相关描述

　　难度及答案： 难度中等，答案为C

　　关键词： substance、red colouration

　　定位原文： C段首句“The source of ... Visible spectrum.” 红色的来源是众所周知的：它由不同的花青素提炼出来，一种在可见光谱中能显现红到蓝的水溶性植物色素。

　　解题思路： 关键词“substance”相当于原文中的“ anthocyanins” 原文讲述了叶子红色素的来源为花青素，接着又描述了花青素的相关特性。

　　Question 15

　　参考译文： 秋天树木落叶的原因

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为B

　　关键词： reason、drop、autumn

　　定位原文： B段前4句“summer leaves... discards them.”夏天树叶是绿色的，因为它们有足够的叶绿素，而这些分子能捕捉到阳光，并将其转化成作为树木生长新原料的能量，当北半球临逬秋天时，太阳能的可利用成分会大量地减少。对于很多树种来说——常绿松柏类植物是个例外——最好的应对措施是停止光合作用， 直到春天到来。所以，树木与其在整个冬天里保留现有的多余叶子，倒不如保存珍贵的养料而丢弃它们。

　　解题思路： B段阐释了树木落叶是因为秋天时，太阳能可利用率减少，所以它们丢弃多余的叶子，停止光合作用且保存养料。

　　Question 16

　　参考译文： 关于确认红叶目的理论的一些证据

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为H

　　关键词： evidence 、confirm 、 theory 、 purpose 、 red leaves

　　定位原文：H段前3句“Even if you had never... of the leaf.”即便你不曾怀疑叶乎变红时发生了什么，但迹象已经摆在眼前。首先能明确的是：对于许多树而言，最红的叶子都是在树木近阳的一面。不仅这样，最发亮的红叶出现在叶子的最顶端。

　　解题思路： H段指出红叶目的理论的一些证据，即最红的叶子都是在树木近阳的一面，不仅这样，最发亮的红叶出现在叶子的最顶端。

　　Question 17

　　参考译文： 关于叶绿素功能的一种解释

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为B

　　关键词： explanation 、 function、 chlorophyll

　　定位原文：B段首句“Summer leaves…for the tree.”夏天树叶是绿色的，因为它们有足够的叶绿素，而这些分子能捕捉到阳光，并将其转化成作为树木生长新原料的能量。

　　解题思路：B段第1句解释了叶绿素的功能，即能捕捉到阳光，并将其转化成作为树木生长新原料的能量。

　　Question 18

　　参考译文： 一种推测：即叶子的红色变化过程可以作为一种提醒信号。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为E

　　关键词：red colouration、warning signal

　　定位原文： E段前2句“It has also…less resistant host.”它(理论)也建议，树木可以生成鲜艳的红色， 让食草昆虫相信他们自身是健康强壮的，并能轻易地增加化学防御来抵抗感染。如果昆虫们注意到这些树木类似的“宣传”信心，它们可能更多地在一些暗沉的，抵挡性较弱的寄主上产卵。

　　解题思路： E段前2句介绍到叶子的红色可以发出提醒信号，让昆虫相信它们是健康的而从防止感染。关键词“warning signal,”相当于原文中的“advertisement”。

　　Question 19

　　参考译文： 可以在树木面向_____的一边发现最红的叶子。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为sun(light)

　　关键词： the most vividly、red、facing

　　定位原文： H 段第 2 句 “One is straightforward... which gets most sun.首先能明确的是：对于许多树而言，最红的叶子都是在树木最近阳的一面。

　　解题思路： 关键词“the most vividly”相当于原文中的“the reddest，由H段第—句可得知答案为sun(light)。

　　Question 20

　　参考译文： 叶子__的面含有最多的红色素。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为upper

　　关键词： surface 、the most red pigment

　　定位原文： H段第三句“Not only that，…upper side of the leaf”不仅这样，最发亮的红也出现在叶子的最顶端。

　　解题思路： 关键词“surface”相当于原文中的“side”，由H段第三句可得知答案为 upper。

　　Question 21

　　参考译文： 当白天天气条件为____和阳光明媚时，红叶的数量最多。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为dry

　　关键词： most abundant、weather conditions、sunny

　　定位原文：H段第4句“It has also been…to excess light.”为世代所认识的是，对于形成深红颜色的最佳条件是干燥、晴天和凉爽的夜晚，这是让叶子最大程度吸光的最佳条件。

　　解题思路： 关键词“most abundant”相当于原文中的“intense”，由原文可以直接得出答案为dry。

　　Question 22

　　参考译文： 当你走到越_____部时，你会发现叶子红色的程度会增加。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为north

　　关键词： intensity、increases、go further

　　定位原文： H段倒数第2句“And finally，…northern hemisphere.”最后，例如枫树一般的树木在北半球越北的地方，叶子就会越红。

　　解题思路： 由H段倒数第2句可知答案为north。

　　Question 23

　　参考译文：很可能叶子的红色有助于保护叶子免受低温干扰。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为FALSE

　　关键词： red pigments、freezing temperatures

　　定位原文： D 段第 1 句 “Some theories about anthocyanins... to freezing.” 一些关于花青 素的理论认为它们是用作防止昆虫和真菌伤害的化学防御，或是用于吸引以食果类为生的鸟类，或是增大叶子的耐寒能力。但是第二句又说了，这些理论是存在问题的。

　　解题思路： 文中D段中指出花青素的化学防御等作用，但又指出理论存在问题。故答案为 FALSE。

　　Question 24

　　参考译文： 光屏假设开始似乎与叶绿素的已知知识相矛盾。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为TRUE

　　关键词： initially、 contradict

　　定位原文： F 段第 2 句 “It sounds paradoxical…from too much light.” 这听起来是矛盾的， 因为这想法背后的假设是秋叶中生成的红色素是为了保护叶绿素，这个吸光化学物，免受过强光源的伤害。

　　解题思路： 关键词“contradict”相当于原文中的“paradoxical”，F段第二句解释了为什么光屏假设会听起来矛盾。

　　Question 25

　　参考译文： 转变为除红色外其他颜色的叶子更有可能受到阳光的伤害。

　　难度及答案：难度高; NOT GIVEN

　　关键词： other than、 damaged by sunlight

　　定位原文： I段首句“What is still...yellow hues.”然而，仍未探明的是为什么一些树木借助生成红色素，而其他则不用，就能轻易地显示出他们的黄橙色调。

　　解题思路： 文中提到秋天时，有的树木显现出黄橙色调，但并没有提到转变为除了红色外其他颜色的叶于更有可能受到阳考的伤害。故答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　Question 26

　　参考译文： 下面哪一个问题，作者提供了相应的一个解释。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为B

　　关键词： explanation

　　定位原文： B段倒数第3句至最后一句“But before letting…or sumac.”但在这些叶子凋落之前，树木会拆分它们的叶绿素分子，并将这些分子内有用的氮传送回细枝里。一旦叶绿素被耗尽，在夏天里因叶绿素的主导作用，而被抑制的其他颜色便开始显现。这个发现解释了秋叶的黄与橙，却并未解释出如枫树和漆树一般灿烂的红色和紫色。

　　解题思路： 答案B中问题意思是“秋天叶子是如何转变为橙色和黄色的”， B段倒数第3句给出了详细的解释。

　　Passage 3

　　Question 27

　　参考译文： 在太平洋Efate岛的一个废弃的____上，人们发现一个有着3000年历史的墓地, 里面躺着被称为Lapita人的海上居民。

　　难度及答案：难度低;答案为B

　　关键词： 3,000-year-old、 abandoned

　　定位原文： 第1段第2句“The site came... 3,000 years old.” Efate岛是偶然被世人发现的。 一个农业工作者，在挖掘一个被废弃的种植园时，挖开了一个坟墓，而该坟墓仅是一块大约有3000年历史的墓地上数十个坟墓中的第一个。

　　解题思路： 由关键词“3,000-year-old”找到第1段第2句，又由于关键词“abandoned” 相当于原文中的“derelict”故可得知答案为B，即plantation。

　　Question 28

　　参考译文： 该墓地是一个重要的_____，是在意外的情况下被一个农业工作者发现的。

　　难度及答案：难度中等;答案为F

　　关键词：significant、uncovered、 agricultural worker

　　定位原文： 第1段第1句 “An important archaeological discovery...Polynesians.”一项关于太平洋Vanuatu群岛上的Efate岛的重要考古发现，揭开了一个古老的航海种族的行踪，该种族恰恰也是今天Polynesians种族的远古祖先。

　　解题思路： 由agricultural worker可以推出对应原文大概在第1段，又由于关键词“significant ” 和原文第一句的“important”是同义词，可得知答案应为archaeological discovery，选F。

　　Question 29

　　参考译文： 他们航行中携带了很多东西，包括___和工具。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为I

　　关键词： and、tools

　　定位原文： 第2段第2句“They were also... stone tools.”他们也是开拓者，携带了一切需要的物品来创建新生活，这些物品包括他们的家畜，芋头幼苗和石具：

　　解题思路： 由关键词“tools”可以定位到第,2段第2句，且由关键间“and”得知，所填的 词与“tools”为并列关系。原文中的“livestock”相当于“animals”，故选择I。

　　Question 30

　　参考译文： Spriggs认为在场地里发规的非_____常重要，因为它证实了里面发现的_____是Lapita 人。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为G

　　关键词：spriggs、important;

　　定位原文： 第3段第3、4句'“Other items included a... Lapita.”其他发掘出的物品包括一个Lapita人的骨灰瓮，瓮的边缘散布着仿制的小鸟，仿佛在向下凝视着密封在里面的Lapita人的遗体。‘这是个重要的发现，’澳大利亚国立大学考古学教授兼挖掘场的国际团队的总负责人Matthew Spriggs表示，‘因为它令人信服地确定了遗体便是Lapita种族。’

　　解题思路： 由词“Spriggs”可定位到第3段第3、4句，原文指出发现的骨灰瓮是一个重要的发现，由此可知，答案为G,即burial urn。

　　Question 31

　　参考译文： Spriggs认为在场地里发现的_____非常重要，因为它证实了里面发现的_____是Lapita 人。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为D

　　关键词：confirm, Lapita

　　定位原文： 第 3 段第 3、4 句 “Other items included a... Lapita.” 其他发掘出的物品包括一个Lapita人的骨灰瓮，瓮的边缘散布着仿制的小鸟，仿佛在向下凝视着密封在里面的Lapita人的遗体。‘这是个重要的发现，’澳大利亚国立大学考古学教授兼挖掘场地的国际团队的总负人Matthew Spriggs表示，‘因为它令人信服地确定了遗体便是Lapita种族。’

　　解题思路： 由词“Spriggs”可定位到第3段第3、4句，关键词“confirms”相当于原文中的"identifies”，而原文 “confirms” 后的“remains”相当于“bones”，故答案为D。

　　Question 32

　　参考译文： 根据作者的文章，在解释Lapita人是如何完成航行的这一问题上有困难，其原因是什么?

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为C

　　关键词： difficulties、accomplished their journeys

　　定位原文： 第五段整段，段意为：这里还有一个棘手的问题，考古学至今提供不了多少答案， 即Lapita人是怎样在远古时期完成相当于月球登陆般艰难的穿越海洋的行动，而且还那么多次? 至今没有人发现任何一艘他们的独木舟或绳索等装置，以此来发现他们的独未舟是如何航行的。同时后来的Polynesians人的口头相传的历史故事和传统中也没能提供什么相关线索，因为在这些故事传统流传到Lapita人那个时期的很久以前，就己经变成神话传说了。

　　解题思路： 由关键词“accomplished their journeys”，可定位到第5段。再由第5段知，至今没有人发现任何一艘他们的独木舟或绳索等装置，口头相传的历史故事和传统中也没能提供什么相关线索。故选择C

　　Question 33

　　参考译文：根据第6段内容，Lapita人最伟大的地方在哪里?

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为A

　　关键词：extraordinary、Lapita

　　定位原文： 第6段倒数第2、3句“…however, until... for us today.”然而，真正的冒险还没开始，直到他们的后代Lapita人行驶出大陆的视线范围，大陆变得每一个方向都没有界限。而这肯定对他们来说很困难如同，当今我们登陆月球一样。

　　解题思路： 第6段倒数第2、3句，可得知，Lapita人真正的冒险是远行出大陆的视线范围， 这如同今天登陆月球一样难，笞案为A

　　Question 34

　　参考译文：在第7段中“this”指代什么意思?

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为D

　　关键词： this、the seventh paragraph

　　定位原文： 第7段第3、4句 “They could sail ...the whole work.” 他们能够行驶数天进入未知地带，因为他们确定地知道如果一无所获，他们能够转向乘着顺风快速返回。这正是促成整个探索行动成功的关键。

　　解题思路：由关键词“This”，“the seventh paragraph”可定位到第7段第4句。通读“This” 的上下文，可发现其指代的意思是Lapita人相信他们能够返回家的信念，故选择D。

　　Question 35

　　参考译文：根据第8段内容，地区地势的重要性如何 ?

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为C

　　关键词： the eight paragraph, geography of region

　　定位原文：第8段首句“For returning explorers…a safety net.”对于返航的探险者，不论成功与否，他们自己群岛的地形就已经提供了一个保障安全的网罩。

　　解题思路： 由关键词 “the eight paragraph”，“geography of region” 可定位到第 8 段第 1 句， 原文中的“a safety net”相当于“a navigational aid”，故选择答案C。

　　Question 36

　　参考译文： Lapita人顺风而行，这一点现在很清楚。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为NO

　　关键词： prevailing wind

　　定位原文： 第9段整段，段意为：所有这些预设了一个重要的细节点，澳大利亚国立大学的史前时期研究教授Atholl Anderson 说道：LaPita人已经早早地掌握了先进的、逆风航行的技能。‘并没有证据证明他们能够做这样的事情，’Anderson表示，‘但这里已经假设他们能够这样做，同时基于这样的假设，人们已经制作独木舟来再次开展那些早期的海航探险。但是没有人知道他们的独木舟到底是怎么样的或者他们是怎么样装配索具等的。’

　　解题思路： 第9段指出，目前没有证据证明Lapita人能够掌握先进的逆风航行的技能。故该题答案为No。

　　Question 37

　　参考译文： 极端的气候条件可能在Lapita人的迁徙上扮演重要角色。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为YES

　　关键词： extreme climate conditions、migration

　　定位原文： 第10段第2句“El Nino,…suggests.”他表示，厄尔尼诺现象，如今影响太平洋的这一异常气候，也许曾帮助Lapita人群的分布。

　　解题思路： 由题目中的“extreme climate conditions”可定位的到第10段，关键词 “migration”相当于第2句中的“scatter”，由此可得知答案为YES。

　　Question 38

　　参考译文： Lapita人学会了预测厄尔尼诺现象的持续时间。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等;答案为NOT GIVEN

　　关键词： duration 、 El Nino

　　定位原文： 第10段倒数第2句“He points out … expansion.”他指出从太平洋周围生长缓 慢的珊瑚中获取的气候数据暗示着大概在Lapita人对外扩张时期，存在一系列不平常且频繁的厄尔尼诺现象。

　　解题思路： 由题目中的“ElNino”可定位的到第10段，由第10段可知，文中未提及 Lapita人是否学会了预测厄尔尼诺现象的持续时间。故答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　Question 39

　　参考译文： 为什么Lapita人停止了在太平洋的扩张，其原因至今不清楚。

　　难度及答案： 难度低;答案为YES

　　关键词： unclear 、halted 、 expansion

　　定位原文：第11段首句“However they... only to them.”但是他们做到了，Lapita人分布在太平洋三分之一的岛屿上，之后由于若干只有他们知道的原因停止了对外探索。

　　解题思路： 由第11段第1句可得知Lapita人停止扩张的原因未知，故答案为YES。

　　Question 40

　　参考译文： 很有可能大部分的Lapita人定居在斐济岛。

　　难度及答案： 难度中等，答案为NOT GIVEN

　　关键词： Fiji

　　定位原文： 第11段最后一句‘They probably... in Fiji alone.”他们可能总共人数算起来从未超过几千人，在他们向东的快速迁徙过程中，他们遇见了成百上千的岛购，单单在斐济就有300多个岛屿。

　　解题思路： 由“Fiji”可定位到第11段最后一句，原文并未提及大部分的Lapita人定居在斐济岛，故答案为NOT GIVEN。

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