托福阅读评分标准:托福阅读分数到底咋算

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托福阅读评分标准:托福阅读分数到底咋算

托福阅读评分标准不知道大家了不了解，弄清楚托福阅读是怎么算分的也有助于大家在答题时有清晰的认识，比如要舍弃一些题时，选择哪一个才划算。

新托福阅读文章共有三篇,每篇有12-14道题,如果遇到加试，会从考试的五篇文章中随机选取三篇计分。这三篇文章中所有回答正确的题目数量加起来就是你的阅读总分。除重要观点题和归类题以外，每道题的分值都是1分，重要观点题的分值可能是2分，归类题为3或4分。考试所得分数范围:0-30分。

托福阅读解答方案：表格题型

格题分为两大类：总结表格题和对比表格题。

总结表格题

相对而言， 总结表格题的出现频率要高于对比表格题，这是由它们自身特点，出题方式和原文是否具备对比对照关系这三方面的因素决定的。

1、题的出题模式有两种：

一种是针对全文内容出题，答案由全文的主题，细节和重点支持段落的概述三部分组成。另外一种是针对文章中的重点支持性段落出题，答案由这些重点支持性段落主题，段落结论，以及重点支持性例子的概述三部分组成。这里我们重点看第一种出题模式。

我们来看一个例子，

The Atlantic Cod Fishery

Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.

Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.

By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.

Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreement decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into one conglomerate. By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commanding excellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish—processing plant workers.

However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off. In 1992, the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.

Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of the teeming fish. Today, cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signs of imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fish populations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocks started rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the cod had migrated. Still, no one can predict whether and when the cod will return to the Grand Banks. ]

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points

The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy for centuries.

1、Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell.

2、Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery.

3、The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s

Answer Choices

(1)Atlantic cod stocks were once plentiful in the rich environment around the Grand Banks.

(2)The Atlantic cod is a groundfish that preys on herring and small fish that eat krill.

(3)Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell.

(4)The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s.

(5)Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery.

(6)Newfoundland exports millions of dollars worth of crab and other shellfish every year.

解题基本思路：首先确定这个题目属于总结表格题，其主题为The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy for centuries.(鳕鱼渔业带动了纽芬兰经济发展已经有好几个世纪。)后面三个分论点的内容都是围绕这个论点展开：因为渔业的发达人们忽略了过度捕杀来的问题;尽管采取各种限制捕杀政策，鳕鱼的库存还是不断减少而其数量也没有回升的迹象;加拿大政府从20世纪80年代开始想办法来繁荣纽芬兰的经济。通过对上面这些句子和主题的分析，我们已经可以猜出文章的主要内容，人们的过度捕杀导致自己的经济来源-鳕鱼数量不断减少。根据这个理解然后看答案。根据文章内容，我们知道选项 A ，C， E与文章的内容和题目表格内容相符合。其中B内容在文章中有，但是不符合，D的内容也是正确的，但是与E相比，E更合适，而F 直接排除掉。

2、总结表格题做题三大步骤：

判断题目类型(全文型还是段落型)--------------根据题目类型找主题、细节和支持性段落/事例--------采用排除法找出正确答案。

对比表格题

对比表格题都会有明确的对比项，也就是在文章中几个不同事物之间相对比。

这类型的题目相对于总结表格题来说简单。只要按照文章题目的要求，返回原文去找和要求意思相近的答案就可以了。其具体解题方法和总结表格题相同，所以这里就不赘述了。

总之，判断题目类型(总结表格题和对比表格题)--------------根据题目类型找主题、细节和支持性段落/事例--------采用排除法找出正确答案是解决这类问题的最佳策略。

托福阅读解答方案：修饰目的题型

新托福阅读考试中还有一种题型是修饰目的题，在一定程度上也叫例证题，主要考查考生透过表面特定的修辞方法/方式发掘潜在的目的能力，一般来说，问题会要求考生理解为什么作者在文章中用某些词，词组和句子。在IBT阅读考试中往往会有3-4个修饰目的题。

1、托福阅读修辞目的题的两种考察形式：

在阅读考试中，这类题目有两种不同的考察形式：一种是给出修辞手段问目的，另一种是给出修辞目的问手段。

其常见的题目形式如下：

The author uses X as an example of…

Why does the author mention X?

Why does the author compare … to …?

Why does the author use the word … in discussing…?

The author discusses X in paragraph X in order to…

The author uses X as an example of…

2、托福阅读修辞目的题解题技巧

找出这些修辞方法所用的关键词，例如定义中所用的同位语;描述事物大小、形状的形容词和名词;举例用的词，如，for instance，for example， in other words;用来解释的词语，如because，this is why，due to等。

我们来看一个例子：

One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Other rock paintings，for example， those of Bushmen in South Africa are either located near cave entrances or completely in the open. Cave paintings in France and Spain， however， are in recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances.

Why does the author mention Bushmen in South Africa in paragraph 2?

To suggest that ancient artists from all over the world painted animals on rocks

To contrast the location of their rock paintings to those found at Lascaux

To support the claim that early artists worked in cramped spaces

To give an example of other artists who painted in hidden locations

首先分析问题题目，找出其中的关键词：Bushmen in South Africa.之后回到原文看其前后的句子，找到原文的关键词for example，通过分析知道，这一例子的目的是为了说明它前面的那句话，即这些绘画的位置令人费解。作者以对比的手法来说明这一点：Bushmen in South Africa的绘画常位于洞口或洞外，而法国和西班牙的洞穴绘画(本文所说的绘画)却位于远离最初洞口的深处。由此可见，Bushmen in South Africa的例子是为了说明Lascaux绘画位置的怪异。第二个选项符合此意，为正确答案。

总之，解决这类问题的步骤可以总结为：分析问题题目找出关键词，返回原文找原文中的关键词，理解上下文得出答案。

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