大学英语四级写作技巧剖析
大学英语四级写作技巧剖析
今天小编想和大家一起来说说关于大学英语四级的作文,我们都知道在当下几乎所有英语考试中都有写作的身影,考生能否将所学的知识恰当输出、灵活应用就成为了得分的关键。
要想轻松应对四六级作文考题,考生还应该熟悉四六级题型,并有针对性地进行考前复习和练习。
四级作文常考类型包括三种:看图写话作文、说明介绍作文和引语格言作文。
其中看图写话类型的写作近年来考察颇为频繁,近三年考试中多达9篇,无疑应该是大家复习的重点。
不过,写作题型灵活多变,偶尔打破常规,出现“反押题”倾向,正如2016年6月考查了书信的写作,这时,对应用类作文准备不够充分的考生就容易乱了阵脚,因此,考前练习多种题材和体裁的写作才是迎战变化的有效途径。
一.应用文体知多少
应用文在人类长期社会实践中产生,用以传递信息、处理事务、抒发情感等。随着社会发展进步,人们在学习、工作和生活中交往越发频繁,应用文的用武之地亦越来越多。应用文着眼于实际,具备实用、真实、有针对性、时效性强等特点,并形成了惯用格式。
四六级写作中容易涉及的应用文包括:建议信、倡议书、感谢信、求职信、演说辞、介绍语等。应用文虽然可能是很多考生平时练习较少的一种文体,但由于写作方法大同小异,而且应用文目的性明确,易审题,所以偏题的可能性相对较低。
二.英语应用文基本结构和格式
1.称呼:左上角,顶格写,称呼前可以加上“尊敬的、亲爱的”等修饰限定语,称呼后使用逗号,该部分表明信息传达的受众或对象,如Dear Li Hua (亲爱的李华),Dear President (敬爱的主席),To whom it may concern (致有关人士),Ladies and gentlemen (女士们先生们)。
2.日期:中文应用文的日期常位于文章右下角,英文却在右上角,一般写作June 15,2016 (2016年6月15日),常见于通知、日记、信函、邀约中,介绍语、竞选稿等可不必加时间。
3.正文:应用文的主体部分,位于文章正中,可参照考试作文三段式写法,即引入(introduction)-分析(analysis)-总结(conclusion):
第一段引入:交代写作目的或简介基本信息,直陈为何事心怀感激、备感荣幸、深表歉意等。正文开头可加入寒暄语,如好久不见(long time no see)或最近过得怎么样(how are you recently)。
第二段分析:详细分析和举例描述。第二段是对第一段在内容上的拓展和延伸。考生应该掌握两种基本句型——分析句和例证句,分析句表明观点,说明人或事物的因果、利弊、意义或重要性;例证句则用例子详细阐释观点以避免空洞表意,应用文中的例子一般需要紧贴现实,或者用个人经历现身说法,或者用熟人经历侧面表达感受。
第三段总结:总结文章,提出措施或愿景。总结全文时再一次表达观点或感受,为避免句子重复,可以考虑同义词替换或句式变换,如表达“喜悦之情”,第一次用happy,第二次就用delighted,表达“重要性”,第一次用something is greatly important,第二次就用something is of great importance,还可以考虑强调句。最后针对问题提出措施或者发表美好愿景即可。
4.署名:右下角,第一行可写礼貌用语如Sincerely yours,Truly yours等,结尾打逗号,第二行写作者姓名或者单位组织如Xiao Ming (小明), the Students’ Union (学生会)。
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三.四级应用文写作真题分析
2016年6月四级写作真题:给老师的感谢信
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
参考作文:
June 16, 2016 (日期)
Dear Mrs. Smith, (称呼,明确写信对象)
It has been a while since graduation, and words cannot express how much I’ll miss you. (寒暄问候,礼貌开头) I am writing this letter to express my thanks for your generous help at the start of my college life and to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. (直接交代写信目的、感谢对象及基本原因)
My innermost appreciation mainly lies in two respects. (过渡句,承上启下) First, you were so warm-hearted to care for the freshmen after we entered college. (原因分析一) No better example can be found than the help you offered to me. In order to help me quickly get accustomed to college life, you showed me around the campus and introduced me to a great many new friends. (例证阐释一) In addition, your sense of humor made every class both entertaining and educational, (原因分析二) which aroused my strong curiosity in chemistry and exerted a heavy influence on my desire to study. (例证阐释二)
It was your warmth, kindness and thoughtfulness that drove away my fear of the unfamiliarity of college life. (总结全文,再次表达感谢,运用强调句以突出主题) I will regard you, Mrs. Smith, as the best teacher of my college years and the guide of my future career. (提出愿景和希冀)
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua (署名)
四.写作常见错误
写作中的基本错误如同洪水猛兽,好多考生写了很多年、错了很多年。以下是应用文写作的常见错误,平时需多加留心。
1.动词第三人称
误:I am very sorry to tell you that my brother have to decline your job offer. (拒绝信)
正:I am very sorry to tell you that my brother has to decline your job offer.
2.单词拼写
误:Anyway, I do apreciate your kindness of discussing the details of the position with me. (感谢信)
正:Anyway, I do appreciate your kindness of discussing the details of the position with me.
3.主谓一致
误:The reasons why I’m making a complaint about the canteen service is as follows. (投诉信)
正:The reasons why I’m making a complaint about the canteen service are as follows.
4.词组搭配
误:I am looking forward to see you soon in my hometown. (介绍家乡)
正:I am looking forward to seeing you soon in my hometown.
5.时态混乱
误:It is high time for you to extend a helping hand to this little girl who is struck by cancer last month. (倡议书)
正:It is high time for you to extend a helping hand to this little girl who was struck by cancer last month.
完成应用文写作的30分钟内,希望考生留出3-5分钟进行检查,做法是通读写作全文,在心里默默翻译一遍,逐字逐句寻找错误并改正。改正时切勿涂黑影响卷面,只需将错误的部分划掉即可。此外,还应该注意应用文写作书写规范和美观,英文字母宜清楚整齐,字母的大小和间距要匀称。
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