托福写作备考：托福写作参考书
就新托福写作而言，哪些参考书是值得我们花时间研读的呢?我们又该怎样合理地搭配使用它们呢?下面，我为同学们推荐新托福写作参考书，并详细为同学们讲解它们“混搭”的妙用。
托福写作备考：托福写作参考书
《新托福写作金牌教程(基础版)》——夯实基础
我给大家推荐的第一本书是高等教育出版社近期出版的《新托福写作金牌教程(基础版)》。此书是新航道学校新托福基础班的指定培训教材。它制定了详细的17天新托福写作学习计划，其中6天时间是针对综合作文部分的训练，8天是针对独立作文的训练，另外，还有1天的诊断测试及2天的复习测试。按照书中给出的17天学习进度表来学习，考生们可以对新托福常考话题有深入的了解。本书总结了综合作文和独立作文的常考话题所涉及的词汇、词组、句式等等。因此，考生可以通过阅读此书积累很多非常有用的写作常用表达。此外，还能积累许多关于新托福写作的技巧。比如，考生可以通过训练熟练掌握新托福综合作文常用的四个技巧，即速读、记笔记、同义转换及总结。
非常值得一提的是，本书的综合作文训练部分给出了相当多的练习材料，这些练习材料都与新托福考试的真题密切相关。书中还给出了常考的三种综合作文题(优缺点型、假说反论型、问题解决型)的模板，对于基础较为薄弱的同学来说，这些模板是很有帮助的，练习多了，便可信手拈来。而对于基础较好的同学，我的建议是：第一，借鉴模板，并且可以结合自身的知识储备灵活运用模板，争取展现更好的词汇或句式;第二，精听综合作文讲座文本 —— 我强烈建议同学们做听抄，即把听到的东西完整写下来，再一字一句地对照讲座原文，看看自己哪里漏听或者误记了。本书的综合作文讲座部分的语速比新托福考试稍快，正是这个原因，它是一份很适合做精听的材料。我们需要通过精听来锻炼自己辨音的能力、使自己适应讲座的时间长度及西方人说话的语速、语调。如果在精听训练中我们用的讲座听力材料难度与考试一致，那么到考场上我们可能因为紧张而不能在听一遍的情况下抓住讲座大意和关键细节。因此，为了适应考场上综合写作部分的讲座只听一遍的这个规则，我建议同学们在考前用难度比真题稍高的材料来做大量的精听练习。本书就提供了很好的素材。
《新托福写作高分策略》——蓄势待发
《新托福写作高分策略》同样也是由高等教育出版社出版。如果说《新托福写作金牌教程(基础版)》侧重各个常考话题的素材积累和分话题训练，《高分策略》则侧重于要点的总结和例文的剖析。本书内容丰富、语言精辟、技巧实用，读来常有醍醐灌顶之感。
综合作文方面，最值得一提的是，本书的第二章《转述语言》里总结了写作常用单词、词组和句式，第四章《高分模板与填空式作文》里提供了七个表示反驳的模板，一个表示支持的模板(因为表示支持的类型至今没有考到过，这个模板只是用来以防万一的)。有了这些总结的表达和模板，在写综合作文时，考生们再也不会为怎样设计文章框架、怎样换用句式而苦恼了!
独立作文方面，本书的技巧总结也是非常有用的。从首末段的写法总结，到万能理由的讲解，到段落展开的实例，到修改校对和专家点评，再到拼写词汇表、写作素材库及常用学术词汇表的展示，本书淋漓尽致地体现了作者深厚的英文写作及教学功底。在第五章《185题库与提纲》，作者甚至给出了每道题的详细英文提纲，这些提纲可以帮助考生们开拓思路，极具参考价值。相信考生们读到此书后，会觉得与它真是相见恨晚。
《新托福写作真经》——见证飞跃
巧了，《新托福写作真经》还是由高等教育出版社出版，本书搜集了近年新托福考试写作真题。建议考生在有了上两本书的积淀之后，把本书搜集的近16套真题挑选5-10套模拟一遍(使用计算机输入习作)，再对照书里附上的专家写作指导意见修改自己的作文。值得提醒考生们注意的是，在模拟阶段一定要严格控制好时间，20分钟内完成一篇综合作文，30分钟内完成一篇独立作文，全程从综合作文的阅读开始至独立作文完成结束，一共不得超过1个小时。通过贴近真实考试情况的模拟，考生们能更好地适应考试规则，也降低了因为紧张、疏于打字练习、常用词拼写错误等原因而造成失误的几率。
本书的第三章《托福作文的语篇要素》总结了遣词造句方面的一些技巧，也例举了常见的失误。通过对比本章里列出的修改前和修改后的100个句子，考生们逐渐学会发现并修正用词不准、语言贫乏、句式单调、汉语思维等问题。我强烈建议同学们反复阅读此章节，并将学到的句子修改技巧运用到自己的习作里，以此学以致用，一定收效甚丰。
总 结
简而言之，选错了参考书，不仅是金钱上的损失，更重要的是宝贵的时间和精力上损失，决不能掉以轻心;也不要置参考书于不顾，舍小钱而失高分，得不偿失。有了好书，考生就如虎添翼。在选择新托福写作参考书的时候，不仅要注意挑选可信赖的出版社和有实力的作者，而且要注意各书的特点和优势。在条件允许的情况下，合理地搭配使用参考书，才能起到事半功倍的效果。本文推荐的三本书都是由国内顶尖学术出版社出版的托福培训专家的心血，读者们可根据自己的需要挑选、鉴赏。最后，祝考生们能挑到好书、获得高分，并祝前程似锦!
托福写作字数和时间如何安排 快来看官方发布的备考攻略
总分达到了目标院校要求，但写作部分小分还差一分才达标?阅读听力都 25+，写作却迟迟没有起色?别担心!托福考试写作攻略在此呈上!
首先，让我们来了解一下托福考试写作部分的考试内容：
托福写作部分考查考生在学术领域中的英文写作能力。通常考生需要用课上学到的知识写论文和作文。这要求考生能够将课堂，讲座内容与阅读教材和其他材料相结合，这种类型的写作被称为综合写作。在这种写作题型中，考生必须:
? 对听到和看到的材料做笔记，在写作前利用笔记组织信? 准确地从原文材料中总结、释义和引用信息
? 写出听到的信息与读到的信息之间是如何联系的
考生还必须会写表达并支持自己观点的论文，这种类型被称为独立写作。在这种写作题型中，考生需要依据自身的知识和经历表达并支持一种观点。
无论是综合写作还是独立写作，都需要遵循一定的写作规则。众所周知，一篇文章有三个基本组成部分：引言、主体和结论。那么如何将这三个部分完美地衔接在一起，写出一篇语句通顺，逻辑清晰的文章呢?遵循下面五个步骤，让你的文章改头换面，更上一层楼!
1 理清文章思路
在开始写作之前，先在草稿纸上写一个简短的概要或提取一些关键点，来帮助自己整理思路。这将有助于文章条理清晰。你也可以直接在电脑的答题区打出提纲或笔记，然后从这些点出发，扩充写更多句子和段落使行文丰满。
2 确定主要论点
论点是引导文章的主要思想或观点，读者可以从文章论点中了解你想要表达的关键信息。无需赘言，你只需用一句话阐明论点，简明扼要地表达论述思路即可。
3 注重写作质量
不知道你在写作文时有没有过这样的经历：写着写着就刹不住笔，文章越来越长而且偏离初衷。实际上，相较于冗长的文章而言，写一篇结构清楚、逻辑通顺的文章来展现自身的语言掌握程度，往往得分会更高。
你也可以学习优秀文章、段落的组织方式。一个好的段落通常会在第一句(即主题句)提出论点，且整段均围绕这一要点展开论述，论点不同的各个段落组织在一起即强化文章的中心观点。
试着尽可能使用短句，不同段落表达不同的观点，注意段落之间的过渡衔接。
4 认真仔细校对
带上“火眼金睛”，要预留充足的时间来仔细阅读写好的文章，尽可能找出你可能会犯的任何拼写错误或语法错误。
5 不断计时练习
考试前，你可以用托福官网提供的免费样题来训练自己限时写作的能力。适当练习后，相信在考试当天你就不会因时间限制而感到紧张了。
为了确保考试绝对公平，托福写作采用 eRater 自动化评分技术辅助人工评分的方式，以全面准确地反映应试者的英语写作能力。将评分员对作文内容和意义的理解及自动化评分系统对语言表达的评分结合在一起，确保了分数的质量和高标准。
正因如此，托福考试能帮助你在申请者中脱颖而出，向学校展示你身上额外独具的闪光点。大学招生官会注意到这一点。
托福写作模板：选择哪一类人合作更有效
题目：
Your teacher assigns a project to you, and you can select the members to work with.
--choose the members who think and work in similar ways
--choose the members who have totally different ideas
Which would you think is more effective to work with?
参考范文
It is more effective to complete a project with people who think and work in similar ways than to struggle to finish a task with people who have totally different ideas. Knowing each other and having similar interests facilitates the successful completion of a project.
Members who know each other well can divide the task and set up a reasonable working plan to ensure that the project will be completed on time. If members know the others’ strengths and weaknesses, they can decide which part to assign to which person to best get the task done. I specifically remember being in a team of three students who had to complete an assignment that included a written essay and a power point presentation. I was a good speaker but terrible at using the computer, so I gave the presentation. However, the power point slides were all generated by our friend who was shy but very capable with the computer. The third person was very detail-oriented, so she was the natural choice to organize the information into an essay.
Not only are team members who have similar ideas able to divide tasks effectively, but they also can create a solid common goal. If people are too different, it is hard to decide on a good thesis or theme, and the result might be a compromise that everyone is dissatisfied with. By contrast, people who think in similar ways can agree on a topic and develop it out, and it becomes very strong. In the assignment mentioned above, the three members quickly agreed on a common theme. We invested our working time into researching the theme rather than debating what to write about. Since we all were interested in the topic, we all invested our best efforts rather than just trying to get it over with, and the result was an A grade.
People with similar ideas and interests make the best team to solve a problem or complete a task because they know each other’s abilities, so canallot tasks accordingly. Even more important, they can select a topic that they are all interested in, so everyone wants to participate rather than do only the minimum to get the task done.
词句积累
strengths and weaknesses 优势与劣势
assign to 指派给
be very detail-oriented 非常注重细节
create a solid common goal 建立一个坚固的共同目标
invest our best efforts 投入我们最大的努力
get it over with 赶紧把事情做完
allot tasks accordingly 相应地分配任务
托福写作模板：小学生学技术还是艺术
题目：An elementary school wants to increase the time on educating students technology (such as computers), which means that students will have less time for the study of music and art.
When it comes to spending the time on studying arts and music and the time on studying technology, which one do you think is better for elementary students?
范文1：Argument 1 (for)
I think it is important for elementary students to get a solid grounding in technology. Technology can help students learn to solve everyday problems, to interact with others, and to prepare for the working world.
First, technology is part of our everyday life, and becoming increasingly more so. If students do not know how to use computers, smart phones, and tablets, they cannot function adequately in this changing world. However, there is more to understanding technology than just typing in a question and reading the answer. Students must know how to escape from a frozen screen, remove and reset a jammed printer, and install new programs. Students who learn about technology gain the mental flexibility to solve basic problems like these. Instead of being stopped by a challenge, a technologically-aware student tries different ways to work around it. In other words, technology helps prepare a student to solve problems and face events that do not run exactly as planned.
Second, technology offers students a chance to interact with other students around the world. Through the internet, students in different countries can see each other and talk, or even collaborate on projects. This experience can bring other subjects such as geology to life because the students can talk with people their own age who are living in the place. Interaction can increase interest in skills such as learning a second language or increase awareness about history or art. Working with friends from around the world, the students gain a wider perspective and are less likely to succumb to prejudice and hatred based on race or nationality. Technology is the key to communication with others around the world.
Third, technology provides useful skills that are in demand by employers. Companies need employees who can manipulate data and operate machinery. Students who have these skills and are ready to work are more likely to be hired than students who do not. Therefore, elementary schools should help prepare students from an early age so that when they reach high school, they can operate spreadsheets, word processing programs, and specialized equipment. Students who go beyond the basics and learn to program, design, or assemble technological devices will be even more prepared to compete in the fast-paced working world.
It is essential for students to learn about technology so that they can capably solve problems, interact with others, and start preparing for the working world.
to get a solid grounding in technology 在技术方面打下坚实的基础
become increasingly more so 变得越来越是如此
the mental flexibility 思维灵活性
a technologically-aware student 一个有技术意识的学生
gain a wider perspective 获得更为广阔的视角
succumb to 屈服于,屈从于
go beyond 超出,超越
范文2：Argument 2 (against)
Children need to have a well-rounded education that includes art and music. Art and music provide many skills that are foundational for further growth and development, physically, mentally, and emotionally, so they should be considered an essential part of any elementary school program.
Young children’s bodies are developing and changing very quickly. Arts can help children learn to use and control their bodies so that they can master more complex tasks in the future. For example, drawing, painting, and calligraphy require manual dexterity to control the pencil, brush, or pen. Children studying these things can learn to use their hands to complete precise tasks. Music offers another example of how children can learn to use their bodies: instruments such as flutes and woodwinds require careful control of breathing combined with fingering of keys. Arts are fun rather than repetitious, so these physical skills are acquired in an enjoyable way.
Arts can also help children improve their memory and concentration. Completing an artwork takes time, sometimes days or weeks, so children must concentrate to finish rather than justrushing on to a new activity . Scientific studies show that if you practice memorizing things such as the process of knitting or weaving, or the notes to perform a song, you can get better at memorization in the future. If children learn to focus on one project and memorize the steps needed to complete it, they will be better able to concentrate for long periods and complete difficult tasks in the future.
Finally, arts can help children develop emotionally. Arts do not have a “right” and “wrong” answer, so children can explore personal creativity. They can feel pride at accomplishing a project that is uniquely theirs. This self-esteem can give them confidence to try new activities without fear of “failing” because they made a mistake. Especially considering the pressures of the modern world, arts can be an essential outlet to try making something beautiful or fun. Arts provide a balance to the rigid programming of other elementary school classes such as math and spelling where it is essential to give the one correct answer.
Arts help children develop physically, mentally, and emotionally. Therefore, arts such as music, drawing, and painting are an essential part of elementary education.
a well-rounded education 全面的教育
manual dexterity 手部灵巧性
rush on to a new activity 匆忙地投入到一项新的活动
arts can help children develop emotionally 艺术可以帮助孩子发展情感
self-esteem 自尊
arts can be an essential outlet to try making something beautiful or fun 艺术可以成为创造美 好或有趣事物的重要途径
provide a balance to X 为X提供了平衡
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