关于英语语法中使役动词的用法详细分析
关于英语语法中使役动词的用法详细分析
使役动词在英语语法中是属于一个比较难的知识点，但如果你能够在英语写作中用上它的话，会让你的作文增分不少，今天就让我们来好好学习一下吧。
使役意义状态动词get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc.常用于复合结构中)
1. get：使成为/变得某种状态或结果。
I can’t get the old radio to work.
我无法让那旧收音机工作起来。(接带to不定式作宾补)
Can you really get that old car going again?
你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?
The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.
那农民在雨季前完成了种植。
He got his wrist broken.
他折断了手腕。(主语发生了不幸的事)
She soon got the children ready for school.
她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备。
2. leave：使保持/处于某种状态
Leave your hat and coat in the hall.
把帽子和外套放在大厅里。
Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?
你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?
Always leave things where you can find them again.
总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方。
Who left that window open?
谁让窗户开着?
Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.
别让他在外面雨中等待。
Leave somebody / something alone.
不要干涉某人或某事。
3. set：使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系
set somebody at his ease 使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松
set something in order 使某物井然有序
set somebody free / at liberty 使某人获得自由,释放(犯人等)
It’s time we set the machine going. 是我们发动机器的时候了。
The news set me thinking. 这消息使我陷入了沉思。
He set the farm laborer to chop wood. 他让农场工人去砍伐木材。
I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May. 我决心于五月底前完成膜作。
set a thief to catch a thief. 以毒攻毒;令贼捉贼
4. send：使某人或某物急剧地移动
The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground.
地震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上。
Mind how you go----you nearly sent me flying. 小心点,你差点将我撞飞了.
Send that fellow about his business / packing. 叫那家伙滚蛋.
The good harvest sent the prices down. 丰收使物价下跌.
5. drive：使某人处于某状态，迫使某人做某事
Failure drove him to despair / desperation. 失败使他绝望。
You’ll drive me mad / to my wits’end. 你会把我气疯的。/ 你会使我穷尽应付的。
Hunger drove him to steal. = He was driven by hunger to steal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃。
6. keep：使某人或某物保持某种状态
You should keep the children quiet. 你要使孩子们静下来。
The cold weather kept us indoors. 寒冷的天气使我们待在家里。
If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你手冷，把它们放在口袋里。
Will they keep me in prison / custody. 他们会监禁/拘留我吗?
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting. 很报歉让你久等了。
The doctors managed to keep me going. 医生们设法让我活下去。
使役意义动态动词
1. cause 致使，导致(能接直接宾语,双宾语,复合宾语)
What caused his death? 什么导致了他的死亡?
This has caused us much anxiety. 这给我们带来了极大的忧虑。
What caused the plants to die.(=what made them die.)什么使得这些植物枯死。
He caused the prisoner to be put to death. (=he had them put to death.)他使得这些犯人被处死。
2. force 迫使，强迫 (宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等)
force one’s way through a crowd 从人群中挤出一条路来.
force a way in / out / through 冲入/出/过
force an entry into a building 强行进入一建筑
force the war upon him 强迫某人作战
force someone into doing something 强迫某人做某事
force sb./ oneself to work hard 迫使某人/自己努力工作
“半使役动词”amaze, astonish等
1. 常见的半使役动词
amaze(使某人感到惊呀), astonish(使某人感到惊奇),
bore(使某人感到厌倦), complicate(使某人感到复杂),
confuse(使某人感到迷惑), disappoint (使某人感到失望),
delight(使某人感到高兴), discourage(使某人感到气馁),
distinguish(使某人感到显著), excite (使某人感到兴奋),
encourage(使某人感到鼓舞), exhaust (使某人感到疲倦),
frighten(使某人感到恐惧), interest (使某人感到有趣),
inspire(使某人感到刺激), move(使某人感到激动),
please(使某人感到高兴), puzzle(使某人感到不解),
satisfy(使某人感到满意), surprise(使某人感到惊异),
shock(使某人感到震惊), strike (使某人感到震动),
tire(使某人感到疲惫), upset (使某人感到迷惑不解),等等。
2. 半使役动词的主动式用法：something + vt. + somebody
The exam result satisfied his parents.
考试结果令他的父母很满意。
The boy’s behavior upset everybody around.
这个男孩的行为使周围的每个人都很沮丧。
3. 半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成。
如：interest----interesting, interested;
astonish----astonishing, astonished;
please----pleasing, pleased, pleasant;
satisfy----satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.
4. 半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律，一般而言，作定语时，v-ing分词形容词修饰事物，v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动、表情等;作表语或宾语补足语时，v-ing分词形容词指事，v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法，而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词，如：
The film we saw last night was very interesting.
我们昨天晚上看的电影非常有趣。
We were all interested in the film.
我们都对这部电影感兴趣。
The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened.
令人恐惧的飓风使这个女孩感到害怕。
The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students.
这位老师对他学生们的回答感到满意。
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