实例讲解托福阅读词汇题同义词替换
托福阅读考试当中词汇题占据了三分之一的题时，所以这种题型是需要考生进行重点备考的。有很多同学或许就最为头疼这一类题型了。被考到的词汇有可能是是非常有关键性的，对于理解全文都有关系。这里小编能过例子为大家讲解应该如何时行托福阅读的词汇题的同义替换。大家一起来学习一下吧。
实例讲解托福阅读词汇题同义词替换
所以今天就让我们一起来细数一下那些在托福考试中容易错选或根本不知道选什么的同义词配对。
elaborate=complex
elaborate=develop
对于这组词汇，很多同学在初次遇见时，很难直接把他们进行同义的对应。
complex和develop的意思大家应该还是比较明确的，但是elaborate的确切含义很多同学其实不是很清楚，即使是背过也只是脑海中有个模糊的意思，记得好像，大概，也许是指“详细地……”这类意思。很多同学会觉得“详细地……”和“复杂的”以及“发展”看起来并没有什么同义的关系。
其实elaborate
作为形容词时的意思是made or done with great care or with much detail; marked by complexity精心制作的复杂的;
作为动词时的意思是to give more details about something; to bring something to a more advanced or developed state详细制定，详尽阐述
从它的英文释义中就不难看出它和complex以及develop的同义之处了。
respectively=in that order
Wind pollination does, of course, require a lot of pollen. Birch and hazel trees can produce 5.5 and 4 million grains per catkin, respectively.
The word "respectively" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. over time
B. separately
C. in that order
D. consistently
对于这组词汇，想必大家疑惑的是respectively这个词。在我们记忆的中文意思中，respectively这个词就是指“分别地”, 所以在选择上面的词汇题时，无数同学都会前赴后继地掉入separately这个大坑里。
殊不知此“分别”并不是彼“分别”。
respectively意为in the order given。
【例子】
Mary and Anne were respectively 12 and 16 years old. Mary和Anne分别是12岁和16岁。(Mary12岁，Anne16岁)。
而separately意为apart from others， not joined or connected。
【例子】
He had insisted that we went separately to the club. 他坚持我们不要一块儿去俱乐部。
了解清楚这两个“分别地”的意思之后，再结合文章语境去选择，答案就一目了然了。
afford=provide
这是一组部分意思重复的词汇配对，也是对熟词僻义的考察。
afford作为动词时有两层意思，第一个大家熟悉的“买得起，负担得起”，第二个“提供”，This affords us the opportunity to ask questions about how the systems might change. 这给我们提供了就系统可能如何改变进行提问的机会。
pronounced=marked
这也是一组让大家大跌眼镜的同义配对，表示“发音”的pronounce加了个d怎么就变成“明显的”了。
一方面，pronounced作为形容词本身就有strong marked的意思，另一方面，pronounce作为动词时还可以指“宣称，宣布”，根据这个意义再去体会上下文语境，就能感悟到这组同义配对之间的奥秘了。
Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics --- whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans --- have always shown a marked taste for portraiture.
The word "marked" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) pronounced
(B) fortunate
(C) understandable
(D) mysterious
pursue=engage in
Whereas the East could pursue war and diplomacy more effectively with their enemies on the long eastern frontier, the West was exposed to the more volatile tribal Germanic peoples on a frontier that stretched along the Rhine and Danube rivers for 1,000 miles.
The word “pursue” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. expand
B. engage in
C. control
D. avoid
同学们应该都知道pursue有“追求，继续，追捕”的意思，然而满怀期待地去浏览选项时，却并没有发现体现这个意思的答案，不禁又一次因为ETS对人生产生了怀疑。
其实本题考察的也是一个pursue的不常用的意思“执行，实行”。
【例子】
The government will be free to pursue its economic policies. 政府将可不受限制地实行其经济政策。
所以本题对应engage in，表示“从事，实行”之意。
通过上述的分析，我们再来做几个词汇题的小练习，看看你还会不会中招?
1)Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were made of plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately paneled.
The word "elaborately" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) done in great detail
(B) put together carefully
(C) using many colors
(D) reinforced structurally
2)People in such places would have had at least two reasons to pursue cultivation and animal raising; they would have had access to new information, plants, and animals brought in by traders, and they would have had a need for something to trade with the people passing through.
The word “pursue” in the passage is closet in meaning to
(A) practice
(B) encourage
(C) prefer
(D) combine
3)The linsey-woolsey covering was found in the colder regions of the country because of the warmth it afforded.
The word "afforded" is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) provided
(B) spent
(C) avoided
(D) absorbed
4)On clear still nights when the heat island is pronounced, a small thermal low-pressure area forms over the city.
The word “pronounced” in the passage is closet in meaning to
(A) examined
(B) relative
(C) strongest
(D) darkest
做完再看答案哦：AAAC
生命科学类托福阅读官方材料
一、植物学
1 Sample：Opportunity and Competitors
2 TPO 01：Timberline Vegetation on Mountains
3 TPO 05：Minerals and Plants
4 TPO 09：The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii
5 TPO 22：Spartina
6 TPO 25：The Evolutionary Origin of Plants
7 TPO 32：Plant Colonization
二、动物学
动物特点
1 OG：Swimming Machines
2 OG：Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores
3 TPO 04：Deer Population of The Puget Sound
4 TPO 13：Biological Clock
5 TPO 15：A Warm-blooded Turtle
6 TPO 17-3：Symbiotic Relationship
7 TPO 32：Distribution of Tropical Bee Colonies
动物变化
1 Sample：Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction
2 TPO 05：The Cambrian Explosion
3 TPO 08：Extinction of The Dinosaurs
4 TPO 15：Mass Extinctions
5 TPO 31-1： Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations
6 TPO 30-2： The Pace of Evolutionary Change
7 TPO 33： Extinction Episodes of the past
动物行为
1 TPO 02：The Origins of Cetaceans
2 TPO 11：Begging by Nestlings
3 TPO 11：Orientation and Navigation
4 TPO 17：Ani mal Signals in The Rain Forest
5 TPO 30-1 Role of Play in Development
6 TPO 29-2：Competition
7 TPO 28-3：Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes
8 TPO 27-3：Predator-Prey Cycles
自然科学类托福阅读官方材料
一、地质学
冰川类
1 OG：green Icebergs
2 TPO 15：Glacier Formation
3 TPO 19：Discovering The Ice Ages
地质现象
1 OG：Geology and Landscape
2 TPO 01：Groundwater
3 TPO 02：Desert Formation
4 TPO 03：Depletion of The Ogallala Aquifer
5 TPO 07：The Geologic History of The Mediterranean
6 TPO 12：Water in The Desert
7 TPO 20：Fossil Preservation
8 TPO 21：Geothermal Energy
9 TPO 24：Lake Water
10 TPO 28-1：Groundwater
11 TPO 27-2：The Formation of Volcanic Islands
二、天文学
火星类
1 TPO 08：Running Water On Mars
2 TPO 25：The Surface of Mars
其他行星类
1 TPO 16：Planets in Our Solar System
2 TPO 22：The Allende Met
eorite
托福阅读文章是从哪儿来的
其实，托福阅读题材大部分来源于美国大学的教科书，一方面希望考生熟悉美国的教育，留学以后能够更快地适应美国大学的课堂生活，另一方面也能让考生了解一下美国的文化，毕竟文化的力量是非常强大的，一个民族的底蕴都是透过文化传达给大家的;另外也有一部分题材来源于出题人对相关文章的整理，使呈现出来的文章难易度与雅思阅读题型想匹配，并能有效去区分和测试出不同考生的英语水平。
托福阅读部分的内容涵盖的知识层面很广泛，从自然科学到生物科学还有一定程度的美国历史和艺术，另外也会出现一些社科类或者是人文类。考生如果仔细研究会发现新托福阅读考试的内容其实就是人类的发展史，由最开始的自然界事物的发展变化，包括地理、气候等，慢慢演变到对生物的探究，如动植物、微生物等。人类出现以后人们的生活逐渐丰富多彩，渴望探索的领域也在逐渐增多，这不仅是文化的积淀还涵盖了对于历史的回顾和探究。
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