【名师答疑】如何解决托福阅读时间不够
在托福阅读中你是否遇到过一些问题，怎样用技巧快速准确搞定托福阅读，今天小编用经验带和你聊一聊。
【名师答疑】如何解决托福阅读时间不够?
来不及做完托福阅读所有的题目，到第三篇阅读练习时只剩下10分钟左右的时间，阅读篇章太长，阅读量太大，速度跟不上，整个阅读部分坐下来晕晕乎乎，时间越紧迫，做题越迷茫，完全不知道在看什么。上述所提及的现象是很多参加托福考试的同学所共有的。但是能否避免这样的现象发生呢，答案是肯定的。
一. 词汇是基础。
要想做好阅读，首先要理解文章。那一篇文章到底是怎样构成的呢?
最小的单位就是词，各式各样的词按照不同句型构成了句子，常见的有10大逻辑关系，包括因果，并列，转折等，对此累积掌握常见的逻辑关系提示词非常重要，比如therefore，consequently的出现表明因果关系的存在。最后不同段落按照一定的结构，如总分式结构，就是我们所熟悉的总分，总分总，或者分总构成了篇章，或者是段落之间是相对独立的平行关系，也可能是对照式结构，此类文章包含两个形成对比的大概念，它们所具有的特点，比如tpo12里就有一篇文章water indessert，主要介绍了沙漠中的水，文章对内流河和外流河两种河流进行描述。所以要想准确无误及快速理解文章，首先要巩固基础，先理解认识单词。
另外一般情况下(除非加试)一场托福考试，阅读部分要求在60分钟的时间内完成3篇练习，平均每篇20分钟，值得一提的是，一定要把握好第一篇练习的时间，第一篇如果花太久，这样在做第三篇时就会很紧张，这样对第三篇练习不公平，因为它有可能很简单。托福阅读共有10大类题型(其中指代题已不考)，其中中有词汇题的存在，一篇练习有14道题左右，计算一下，一道题平均可被分配到的时间不到1.5分钟，但14道题中会包含3-5题词汇题，如果人认识这个词汇，就能秒杀这一类型的题，那也能给其他题型省下不少时间，所以要想提升做题速度，单词先背熟。
二. 掌握技巧解题，有选择性阅读。
一篇托福阅读平均字数为700字左右，还是学术性较强的文章，想要一字一句读懂每一句话并在练习时还能记得自己所看到过的内容，这需要超强的阅读能力。但对于大多数备考学生，这还是存在一定难度，所以解题过程中最关键的是有选择性阅读，这就要求我们一方面，多做练习，熟悉文章结构(托福阅读考试的文章结构也就那么几种，上述内容中就有一个例子)，另一方面，好好利用tpo，大量练习，概括总结分析每一类题型，了解托福阅读出题套路，解题时就有的放矢。比如肯定事实细节题，我们要做的就是要找关键词，定位。如果题干给出足够信息，那就在原文快速浏览找到题干信息在文章的出处，阅读所在或临近的句子，直接选择。如果题干只是笼统的说according to paragraph X, which of the following is true? 这时候就找到选项中的关键词，然后回原文找到出处，再做比对。切记盲目阅读，题目看懂了再读原文。值得一提的是，对于选项，要擅用直选法和排除法结合，选择时看到相互矛盾或者意思冲突的选项时可以直接排除。另外阅读考试中的错误选项也是有各类特征的，熟练认知各种特征，可以大大提神解题速度。
三. 长难句要分析。
定位到信息不难，定位到了读不懂意思才是悲哀。很多同学在解题时不会主动去分析句子，遇到语法结构稍复杂的句子，就只会机械的逐字翻译，每个词都认识，但是句子读不懂，这个也是白搭。所以在累积词汇的基础上，平时的训练当中一定要多花时间在句子分析这一块。分析过程中我们需要的是弄清楚这句话主语是什么，怎么了，发生什么事，谁是修饰成分，哪部分才是真正的谓语。
四. 熟悉托福考试模式，知己知彼。
有这样一些同学，平时在纸上做托福阅读时，速度特别快，也习惯在纸上划各种线索，关键词句，但是碰到托福阅读就没法正常发挥好实力。因为托福是机考，机考，机考。。。所以要在正式考试前，熟悉机考环境，克服电脑上阅读的不适应性，建议备考后期一定要在电脑上多进行三篇阅读的连续限时练习，在阅读过程中不要拿笔或手去点屏幕阅读。
托福阅读训练需要注重哪三方面
托福阅读要想拿到一个理想分数主要依赖于以下三个方面的训练，词汇，阅读技巧，解题训练等：
首先是词汇，从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有"葵花宝典"在手，也只能命丧ETS的“毒招”之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比的“五毒散”。
再有就是一些托福阅读技巧。TOEFL的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%。
除此之外就是解题训练，排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。
除了上述托福阅读训练需注重哪三方面之外，如果能够对一些基本的背景知识加以补充的话，更能确保阅读理解的准确率和速度。需要指出的是，托福阅读的真正提高并不是去学习一些技巧，而是在训练中养成一种无意识的使用技巧的习惯，做到实力与技巧巧妙的结合。
托福阅读真题练习1
Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous rock. Therefore, if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks. Even today, approximately 95 percent of the entire crust is igneous. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth's interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself. This material cools into a wide variety of igneous rocks. In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust and lava when it runs out onto the surface.
All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of any other. The resulting igneous rocks will reflect these differences. Igneous rocks also vary in texture as well as chemistry. Granite, for instance, is a coarse-grained igneous rock whose individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked eye. A slow rate of cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this size. Normally, slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains buried well below the surface. Granite may be found on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion. Igneous rocks with this coarse-grained texture that formed at depth are called plutonic.
On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite, although the chemical composition will be identical. This kind of rock is called rhyolite. The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. Some researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of water vapor and other gases in the lava. The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a glacier. Some of the glacier melted on contact, but suddenly there also appeared a huge black mass of glassy stone.
1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions that 95% of the Earth's crust is composed of
igneous rock to support the idea that
(A) the Earth began as a molten mass
(B) a thin layer of magma flows beneath the Earth's crust
(C) the minerals found in igneous rock are very common
(D) igneous rock is continually being formed
2. The word invade in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) move into
(B) neutralize
(C) cover
(D) deposit
3. The word contemporary in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) vast
(B) natural
(C) existing
(D) uneven
4. The word it in line 16 refers to
(A) granite
(B) surface
(C) landscape
(D) texture
5. Granite that has been found above ground has been
(A) pushed up from below the crust by magma
(B) produced during a volcanic explosion
(C) gradually exposed due to erosion
(D) pushed up by the natural shifting of the Earth
6. Which of the following is produced when magma cools rapidly?
(A) granite
(B) plutonic rock
(C) rhyolite
(D) mineral crystals
7. The word finely in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) minutely
(B) loosely
(C) sensitively
(D) purely
8. Which of the following is another name for volcanic glass?
(A) Plutonic rock
(B) Crystal
(C) Lava
(D) Obsidian
托福阅读真题练习2
Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues.
Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second sound bite in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.
In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.
Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it require a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.
Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.
1. What is the main point of the passage ?
(A) Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of
television coverage.
(B) Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.
(C) Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since the
introduction of television.
(D) Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.
2. The word disseminated in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) analyzed
(B) discussed
(C) spread
(D) stored
3. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties
(A) had more influence over the selection of political candidates
(B) spent more money to promote their political candidates
(C) attracted more members
(D) received more money
4. The word accelerated in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) allowed
(B) increased
(C) required
(D) started
5. The author mentions the stump speech in line 7 as an example of
(A) an event created by politicians to attract media attention
(B) an interactive discussion between two politicians
(C) a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth century
(D) a style of speech common to televised political events
6. The phrase given way to in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) added interest to
(B) modified
(C) imitated
(D) been replaced by
7. The word that in line 12 refers to
(A) audience
(B) broadcast news
(C) politician
(D) advertisement
8. According to the passage , as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse
was more successful at
(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates
(B) placing political issues within a historical context
(C) making politics seem more intimate to citizens
(D) providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior
9. The author states that politicians assert but do not argue (line 18) in order to suggest that
politicians
(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims
(B) take stronger positions on issues than in the past
(C) enjoy explaining the issue to broadcasters
(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens
10. The word Reliance in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) abundance
(B) clarification
(C) dependence
(D) information
11. The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that
(A) politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizens
(B) politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are
less attractive
(C) citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who does not
(D) citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better
informed
12. According to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can
(A) create more time to discuss political issues
(B) obtain more television coverage for themselves
(C) spend more time talking to citizens in person
(D) engages in debates with their opponents
13. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?
(A) Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.
(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.
(C) Citizens today are less informed about a politician's character than in the past.
(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.
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