解答托福阅读细节题时要怎么投机取巧

为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，下面我想跟大家分享托福阅读细节题解答如何投机取巧，利用文章本身给出的条件快速做题。先提醒一下，投机取巧只是锦上添花的，而不是主菜。

解答托福阅读细节题时要怎么投机取巧

托福阅读细节题解答投机取巧一：

带程度副词的，比如only well clearly往往都是错的，这种选项往往很有迷惑性，因为它看似是同义转述，实际确扩大或缩小了词义(说的好抽象 呵呵)

比如原文说，我打了他，选项：I hit him severely，这个选项一定是错的，人家有没说怎么打的，又没说经脉尽断，你为什么要主观臆断他狠狠的打了呢??!!这个不仅仅适用于细节题，还适用于推断题，讲推断题的时候我给大家举个例子。

托福阅读细节题解答投机取巧二：

类似于程度副词，一般有more than或者比较级的都是错的，原文没有比较，你不能自己给人家比较，比如说她很美，选项是她比杨幂美，(杨幂是我最喜欢的女明星哈)，那么这个选项都是错的。哪怕是对的，我也不会选，因为在我心中，杨幂是最美的 呵呵!

托福阅读细节题解答投机取巧三：

敏感于数字，当定位句中有数字的时候，数字之间的比较就是考点。

For example：

Paragraph 9： The muscles of these fishes and the mechanism that maintains a warm body temperature are also highly efficient. A bluefin tuna in water of 7°C(45°F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25°C(77°F). This warm body temperature may help not only the muscles to work better， but also the brain and the eyes. The billfishes have gone one step further. They have evolved special "heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain， maintaining peak performance of these critical organs.

10. According to paragraph 9， which of the following is true of bluefin tunas?

○Their eyes and brain are more efficient than those of any other fish.

○Their body temperature can change greatly depending on the water temperature.

○They can swim in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

○They have special muscle tissue that warms their eyes and brain.

解析：

第一步先找关键词，关键词是bluefin tunas，这两个词不认识，没关系，到现在我都不认识，直接换成BT就可以了，

第二步回去找定位句，在第二句中首次出现了BT，并且出现了两组数字，那么这两组数字的比较就是考点。

第三步，读明白这句话，在7°水中的BT可以有一个超过25°的核心温度。

第四步，看选项吧，

A选项，就是我刚说完的无耻技巧2，more than是错的，原文是说了eyes and brain，也给了很高的评价，说maintaining peak performance of these critical organs. 但是却没有和其它生物比较，所以它是错的。

B选项，无耻技巧1出现了，greatly，谁告诉你greatly了??!!!即使你不会这个技巧，这个选项本身就是与原文相反的，它们的能力是在不同的水温中保持稳定的体温，而不是change。

C选项，无耻技巧3，数字的比较，7°的水 和25°的体温，就是in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

D选项，我之前说的细节题选项的错误特征里面的第三种，比较有迷惑性的，原文有，但是不在定位句之内，关键词是bluefin tunas，D选项说的是The billfishes，考点信息之外。

托福阅读细节题解答投机取巧四：

这个算不上无耻技巧，正常的思路吧，原文说A和B不同，B有C特征，那么答案是A没有C特征。这种题比较考读长句的能力，通常形式是

A differ from B，which(B的定语从句，说明B的特征C)

或是unlike A，B怎么怎么有C的特征，

e.g.

Paragraph 4： With the advent of projection in 1895-1896， motion pictures became the ultimate form of mass consumption. Previously， large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater， where vaudeville， popular dramas， musical and minstrel shows， classical plays， lectures， and slide-and-lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at a time. But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment， which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

6. According to paragraph 4， how did the early movies differ from previous spectacles that were presented to large audiences?

○They were a more expensive form of entertainment.

○They were viewed by larger audiences.

○They were more educational.

○They did not require live entertainers.

第一步，还有找关键词early movies和previous spectacles，你要注意了，early movies就是上面说的A，previous spectacles就是B，那么寻找B的特征就ok了。

第二步，找定位句吧，我说了无非两种 一个differ from的 一个unlike的，很容易找到了But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment， which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

第三步，分析，But the movies(A) differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment(B)， which(定语从句说出B的特征)

depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

Or后面的成分，我之前说过 a1ora2读一个即可，所以，后面很长很闹心的部分，不读了!

第四步，ABC我们都找到了，回头看选项吧，

选项A 原文没提的

选项B 无耻技巧2 不能比较

选项C 还有原文没提的

选项D did not require live entertainers.不就是没有B的depended on either live performance的特征么

托福阅读细节题的总结到此为止，技巧的东西要活学活用，自己先看看理解了，然后运用到做题中变成你自己的，做题的时候要不以对喜，不以错悲，给你篇阿拉伯语的阅读按照几率乱选你也能对三四个，所以，每道题都要认真反思，弄清楚出题思路和选项设置，这样才能有提高!不然就陷入了the more you 作，the more you 错的痛苦深渊!

节省时间 托福阅读审题不要出声读

我们对一个句子的理解，有很多种解释。通常人们看到一个句子，会首先确定单词。这个时间很快，快到我们反映不过来，不过语言学家们已经证实有这个过程。确定单词后，大脑会反应单词的意思。最先反应的是经常用到的意思。比如The old manthe boat. 这里，眼睛定位单词后，大脑迅速把old man认为是一个名词组。当我们接着看，感觉不对，才会回头去分析这个句子。

这个理论告诉我们，你大脑中的高频词，直接影响你对句子的理解。应用到托福阅读考试中，各位需要把各个学科的高频词多看一下，比如生物的光合作用、新陈代谢，地理的地壳、_X岩石之类的。 对各种名词片语、动词片语进行修饰的形容词，副词。说起来很多，其实各位有坚持做老托真题和新托的黄金23篇，可以发现这些词语重复率很高。

另外，人对句子的理解是线性的。语言能力越差的(比如小孩子)，只能理解句子的越前面，造成理解错误。(此理论仅限英语。中文不行，其他各种语言本人水平有限，不知道)从小孩子的实验来看，3到5岁的小孩理解句子只能记住前面部分。比如：Put the frog on the red paper in the box.小孩子会把青蛙放到红纸上。这里可以看到，他们阅读的时候把句子意思理解错了，没有看完。但是，非常有趣的现象是，这句话我们说给小孩子听的时候，100%的小孩子都做出了正确的选择 - 即把红纸上的青蛙装到了盒子里。

语言学给出了我们解释，影响人们认知句子的，还有语音。根据这个实验，再结合平时我自己的情况，我推出了一个有理论依据的猜测： 阅读时候习惯读出声来的，会让你对句子的理解偏靠语音!从而让你对直接托福阅读句子的能力下降!很多人肯定喜欢边阅读边读，感觉这样可以加深理解。我同意，但是，如果你花了30分钟在阅和读上，那至少再花30分钟在阅上!不能让读的时间超过你看的时间。

就像我以前一样，喜欢边看边读，结果习惯了，看文章的时候，眼睛已经定位一个比较长的词语，很熟悉很熟悉，但是语音还没读到那个单词上，我的思维就卡住了，直到我读出了那个单词，我才知道这个单词的意思。 这里可以看到，我已经对语音很依赖了!这个现象非常危险。

朗读的速度太慢了，浪费时间。而且ETS给出的文章中有大量故意制造的难句，就像刚才的例子：The old man the boat，肯定要导致你回头重读。你的时间是不够的。

所以，在考试中进行托福阅读审题的时候，千万不要边看边读，或边看边读的时间超过了阅读时间。考生要学会自己合适控制阅读时间。

托福阅读考试题型剖析：6方面要注意

新托福考试OG列出了阅读的10种题型：

1. Factual information questions (纯粹细节)

2. Negative factual information questions (否定细节)

3. Inference questions (推理题)

4. Rhetorical purpose questions (修辞目的题)

5. Vocabulary questions (词汇题)

6. Reference questions (指代题)

7. Sentence simplification questions (句子简化题)

8. Insert text question (句子插入题)

9. Prose summary (内容摘要题)

10. Fill in a table (表格归类题)

但实际上，新托福考试阅读当中还考了一些OG中没列举出来的题目：

一.段间关系概括题：这种题目要求考生概括出2个自然段间的逻辑关系。比如说《THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION》这篇文章的第6题。

6. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Paragraph2 and Paragraph3?

Paragraph2 puts forward several scientific claims, one of which is rejected in Paragraph3

Paragraph2 poses several questions, and Paragraph3offers a possible answer to one of them

Paragraph2 presents outdated traditional views, while Paragraph3presents the current scientific conclusions.

Paragraph2 introduces a generalization that is illustrated by specific examples in Paragraph3

二.修辞手法题：这种题目是修辞目的的变体。OG中大多数题目只考察一个词组的修辞目的，而实际考试会对一句话甚至整段话的修辞目的进行考察。一个是考修辞对象，一个是考修辞的手段。比如说，《Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction》这篇文章第2题：

2. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that dinosaurs had flourished for tens of millions of years and then suddenly disappeared?

To support the claim that the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous is the best-documented of the dozen or so mass extinctions in the geological record

To explain why as many as half of the species on Earth at the time are believed to have become extinct at the end of the Cretaceous

To explain why paleontologists have always been intrigued by the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous

To provide evidence that an impact can be large enough to disturb the environment of the entire planet and cause an ecological disaster

三.段落结构题：这里题目考查的是文章段落的构架，可以算是新题型。比如：《THE ORIGINS OF THEATER》这篇文章的第9题，

9. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?

The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.

The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.

The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.

The author points out problems with two popular theories.

四. 段落主题题：这种题目考查的是整个段落的主题，可以说是老托福段落主题题的延续：

比如《Petroleum Resources》这篇文章的12题：

12.In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to

Provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment

Describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress

Give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment

Explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills

五. 双选题：其实不仅仅在听力考试之中有双选题，阅读考试之中也是有双选题的，只是ETS有可能觉得这点并不重要，因此没有通知偶们，例子请见：《The Geologic History of the Mediterranean》这篇文章第5题。

5. Select the TWO answer choice from paragraph 3 that identify materials discovered in the deepest part of the Mediterranean basin. To receive credit you must select TWO answers.

Volcanic rock fragments.

This silt layers

Soft, deep-sea mud

Crystalline salt

以及《THE RISE OF TEOTIHUACAN》这篇文章第11题：

11. Select the TWO answer choices that are mentioned in paragraph 5 as being features of Teotihuacán that may have attracted immigrants to the city. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.

The prosperity of the elite

Plenty of available housing

Opportunities for well-paid agricultural employment

The presence of one or more religious shrines

除此以外，OG对于新托福考试阅读题型的呈现方法也与真实考试有一定距离，如：

一.细节题的阅读跨度：OG中大多数题目只考一段，但是实际考试会有一道题目考2段、甚至是3段的情况。比如《GROUNDWATER》这篇文章的第10题：

10. According to paragraphs 6 and 7, why is basalt unlike most crystalline forms of rock?

It is unusually solid

It often has high porosity.

It has a low proportion of empty space.

It is highly permeable.

二.句子改写题的句子复杂性：真实考题比OG中的句子改写题要长很多，而且逻辑关系也更复杂。

三.指代题：OG指代题考得不少，真实考试指代题考得很少。

四.选项长度:真题的选项长度长很多。

五.细节题题干关键字没有在原文直接给出。这让考生定位细节难度大幅度增加。不过说句公道话，其实在老托福考试就已经这样了，并不是在新托福考试之中独有的。比如《Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer》这篇文章的第11题。

11.Paragraph 5 mentions which of the following as a source of difficulty for some farmers who try to conserve water?

Crops that do not need much water are difficult to grow in the High Plains.

Farmers who grow crops that need a lot of water make higher profits.

Irrigating less frequently often leads to crop failure.

Few farmers are convinced that the aquifer will eventually run dry.

六. 文章的复杂程度：这个也不用说了，OG的文章结构性非常明显，就好像看CCAV的新闻联播一样;真实考试的文章结构纠结多了，就好像看本届世界杯一样。比如：《The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems》和《Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast》这两篇文章。

新托福考试阅读部分其实并不存在真的所谓“新题型”，这些题型也是有规律可循的，考生们在备考时多加注意就没什么值得害怕的。

托福阅读：排除题三个考察方向全解析

我们大体可以把排除题分为三个考察方向：1 对最基本的细节信息理解的考察。2 对事件发展程序理解的考察。3 对文章或段落主题抓取能力的考察。

一、对最基本的细节信息理解的考察

这里可以用更简单的说法：从词中选。 所谓从词中选，就是可以在文章中找到几个名词，他们排列存在，共同构成某一事件的所有细节。这时候，出题者会提取出其中三个，并在文章别处或者自编一个跟本事件并无关系的名词(词组)。

请看下面的例子：

In1943, the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem ofhousing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, butin some locations, including NY, controls continued. Under NY’s controls, alandlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenantscontinue to renew their leases. In places as Santa Monica, California, rentcontrols are more recent. They were spurred by inflation of the 1970’s, whichcombined with California’s rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, aswell as rents, to record levels.

Which of the following was NOT a reason forthe introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California?

A. Rapid population growth

B. Inflation

C. Economic conditions duringwartime

D. Record-high housing prices

在这道排除题中，由于四个选项提供的信息都是用名词词组，我们可以断定，段落中一定存在其中三个词组，而题干中又出现地名Santa Monica, California. 故可将此地名作为关键词，锁定答案所在句子，然后逐一排除。而……as Santa Monica, California, rent controlsare more recent. They were spurred by inflation of the 1970’s, which combinedwith California’s rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, ……. 这句话当中分别提到了A, B, D三个答案，所以答案为C.

二、对事件发展程序理解的考察

这类排除题，也可以叫做------从句中选。即考题所提供的答案均为相对比较完整的句子，那么其中有三句话，一定是表达了整个事件发展比较关键的几个步骤，只有一句话与此步骤相悖。这类排除题通常比较耗费时间，考生需要准确判断其事件发展步骤，甚至要通读全段，才能找出正确选项。这里，我给大家提供一种在很大程度上节省时间的方法------点对点寻找。

请看下面的例子：

The sauce that is today called ketchup (orcatsup) in western cultures is a tomato-based sauce that is quite distinct fromthe eastern ancestors of this product. A sauce called ke-tiap was in use inChina at least as early as the seventeenth century but the Chinese version ofsauce was made of pickled fish, shellfish, and spices. The popularity of thisChinese sauce spread to Singapore and Malaysia where it was called kechap. The Indonesiasauce ketjab drives its name from the same sauce as Malaysian sauce but is madefrom very different ingredients. The Indonesian ketjab is made by cooking blacksoy beans, fermenting them, placing them in salt brine for at least a week,cooking the resulting solution further, and sweetening it heavily; this processresults in a dark, thick, and sweet variation of soy sauce.

It is NOT stated in paragraph 1 that

A. the Chinese sauce was inexistence in 17th century

B. the Malaysian sauce was similarto the Chinese sauce

C. the Chinese sauce was made fromseafood and spices

D. the Indonesian sauce wassimilar to the Chinese sauce

对于这道题，题干中没有任何指示性的词汇，我们无法判断是从事件的哪个阶段入手，那么就只能每个答案逐一排除。仔细阅读A选项，然后发现A选项中有17th century， 故可以将其作为关键线索，去文中寻找，……called ke-tiap was in use in China at least as early as theseventeenth century…… 文中的这句话表明A不能作为正确答案。那么继续看B， B选项中同时提到Malaysian 与Chinese. 则可以到文中去寻找两个国籍名词同时出现的句子，通过判断，…… this Chinese sauce spread to Singapore and Malaysia where it wascalled kechap. 这句话表明，B也不能作为正确答案。继续看C，C 选项当中有Chinese, 还有seafood andspices，于是锁定文中句子……the Chineseversion of sauce was made of pickled fish, shellfish, and spices……, 故C也不是正确选项。至此，我们可以直接选择D作为排除选项。

三、对文章或段落主题抓取能力的考察

答题时注意看每个选项，尤其是当选项中出现了在该段落中没有的词句时，就可以考虑可能会有某个选项跟本段甚至整片文章的主题是相悖的。

请看下面例题：

Decades before this disaster,environmentalist had predicted just such an enormous oil spill in this areabecause of the treacherous nature of the waters due to the submerged reefs,icebergs, and violent storms there. They had urged that oil be transported tothe continental United States by land-based pipeline rather than by oil tankeror by undersea pipeline to reduce the potential damage to the environment posedby the threat of an oil spill.

Which point is NOT made by theenvironmentalist mentioned in paragraph 2?

A. That a huge oil spill in thewaters off Alaska was possible.

B. That the waters off the coastof Alaska were dangerous for ships.

C. That oil tanker should not beused to transport oil from Alaska.

D. That an undersea pipeline waspreferable to a land-based pipeline.

这道题题干中提到的environmentalist是整个该段的主语，故不能作为关键信息词。而发现A. C.中的Alaska，都在段落中没有提到。所以可以考虑某个答案与主题相悖。这类题目，也可以多关注段落中是否有表示转折的词汇，例如but, instead of, however, rather than. 所以，稍加阅读后，发现……land-based pipeline rather than by oil tanker or by underseapipeline…… 这句话当中出现rather than, 锁定D选项中同样的话语，刚好与原文观点相反，所以选择D.

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