新托福阅读真经10天突破

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新托福阅读真经10天突破

内容简介

Day1：介绍TOEFL阅读考试的基本信息，讲解托福阅读文章的选材、分类、写作手法以及题型概述。对历年真题中的阅读文章根据题材详细分类，从人物传记类、美国历史类、生物与科学类三个方面分析托福阅读文章，使考生从整体上熟悉TOEFL阅读考试。

Day2：对TOEFL阅读考试的考点进行详细剖析，分析阅读考试的命题规律和趋势，总结托福阅读考试十大命题原则，并通过真题对每种命题原则进行详细讲解。

Day3：总结托福阅读考试的十大题型，并以历年真题为载体，讲解各种题型的解题技巧和注意事项。

Day4：讲解历年真题中出现的长难句和复杂句，总结常见的特殊语法现象如“平行结构”和“倒装结构”等，帮助考生突破语法难关。

Day5、Day6、Day7：通过初级进阶模拟试题、中级进阶模拟试题、高级进阶模拟试题三个部分的阶梯训练，由浅人深，使考生逐步熟悉TOEFL考试的难度，提高考生的阅读能力。

Day8、Day9：提供两套TOEFL全真模拟试题，帮助考生在考试前检测自己的学习情况。

Day10：总结历年考试真题中出现的托福阅读常考同义词表，许多单词在考试中重复出现，通过积累高频词汇，考生可有效突破阅读的词汇关，从而取得阅读高分。

本书得以顺利出版，感谢中启时创(北京)文化交流有限公司的赵中明老师、王起龙老师及中国人民大学出版社何冬梅老师在本书的编写过程中提出的宝贵意见，感谢谢晓春老师、喻菡韵老师在本书编校过程中的辛勤工作。

作者简介

何满，著名出国英语考试培训师，英语教学和测试专家。著有《雅思9分密码》、《高中生学雅思阅读》、《SAT阅读真经10天突破》等多部图书。曾在全国各大高校进行巡回讲座，学生遍布海内外。对雅思、托福、SAT、GRE等各类出国考试的题型、解题技巧及发展趋势把握精准，用最简洁的语言诠释考试内容。授课风格生动幽默，独辟蹊径。独创“扫描跳读法”以及“象形记忆法”，帮助众多考生攻克考试难关，一次性彻底摆脱背诵英语单词的苦恼。

目　　录

Day1　托福阅读概况

第一节　托福阅读基本信息

第二节　托福阅读文章题材

Day2 托福阅读十大命题原则

Day3 托福阅读题型分类讲解

第一节　词汇题

第二节　事实信息题

第三节　否定事实信息题

第四节　推理题

第五节　修辞目的题

第六节　指代题

第七节　句子简化题

第八节　插入文本题

第九节　文章内容小结题

托福阅读真题练习：美国移民

托福阅读文本：

Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United States, but the combination of new immigrants and old American "settlers" on America's "urban frontier" in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.

The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction — as well as the expanded market in consumer goods — allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.

Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.

托福阅读题目：

1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Technological developments

(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities

(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization

2. The word "influx" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) working

(B) processing

(D) attraction

3. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss

(A) foreign immigration

(B) rural life

(D) famous cities of the twentieth century

4. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in 1900?

(A) Five percent

(B) Eleven percent

(D) Forty-six percent

5. The word "extraordinary" in line 12 is closet in meaning to

(A) expensive

(B) exceptional

(D) necessary

6. The phrase "each other" in line 13 refers to

(A) foreign immigrants and domestic migrants

(B) farms and small towns

(D) industry and transportation

7. The word "stimulated" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) forced

(B) prepared

(D) motivated

8. Why does the author mention "electric lighting" and "the telephone" in line 23?

(A) They contributed to the agricultural revolution

(B) They are examples of the conveniences of city life

(D) They were products of the Bessemer converter.

9. The word "them" in line 25 refers to

(A) urban areas

(B) ruralAmericans

(D) cities

10. The word "era" in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) period of time

(B) location

(D) unique situation

11. The word "intriguing" in line 27 is closest in meaning to

(A) profitable

(B) attractive

(D) challenging

托福阅读答案：

DCADB CDBBA B

托福阅读真题练习：心理学领域

托福阅读文本：

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones.

Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?"

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A)A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

(B)A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions

(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making

2. The word "essential" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) introductory

(B) changeable

(D) fundamental

3. The word "pertinent" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) relevant

(B) preceding

(D) responsive

4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?

(A) Listing the consequences of each solution

(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution

(D) Writing down all possible solutions

5.According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that

(A) has the fewest variables to consider

(B) uses the most decision worksheets

(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people

6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of

(A) describing a process

(B) classifying types of worksheets

(D) explaining a theory

7. The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once

(lines 17-18) to explain that

(A) most decisions involve seven steps

(B) human mental capacity has limitations

(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice

8. The word "succinct "in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) creative

(B) satisfactory

(D) concise

9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) Proponents (line 5)

(B) Optimal (line 5)

(D) Long-range goals (line 25)

10. The word "it" in line 24 refers to

(A) worksheet

(B) problem

(D) decision

11. The word "revise" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) ask

(B) explain

(D) predict

托福阅读答案：

ADADCABDBB C

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