英语定语从句的用法

英语定语从句的用法

　　在英语中有很多种句式，今天让大家一起了解英语中定语从句的用法、接下来小编在这里给大家带来英语定语从句的用法，我们一起来看看吧!

　　英语定语从句的用法

　　定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：

　　1.what不能引导定语从句.

　　2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

　　一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：

　　The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

　　Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .

　　The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster.(=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：

　　A. 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

　　1.先行词为one、ones或anyone

　　(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

　　(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

　　2.先行词为these时

　　These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.3.在there be 开头的句子中

　　There is a student who wants to see you.

　　4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。

　　The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.5.在非限制性定语从句中

　　A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.

　　B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。

　　二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：

　　1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.

　　2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

　　3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the

　　house which /that we lived in last year.)

　　4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

　　注：

　　A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.

　　(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

　　(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.

　　B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。

　　Is this the book which she is looking for?

　　The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.

　　The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.

　　C. 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。

　　(1)先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。

　　We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.

　　I have told them all (that) I know.

　　All that can be done has been done.

　　(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。

　　The first book that I read last night was an English novel.

　　(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。

　　This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.

　　This is the best that can be done now.

　　(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。

　　We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

　　There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.

　　(5)如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。

　　This is the only book that can be lent to you.

　　(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。

　　Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?

　　D.只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。

　　(1)关系代词放在介词之后

　　This is the factory in which we once worked.

　　(2)非限制性定语从句中

　　This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.

　　(3)that，Those作主语时

　　Those which are on the desk are English books.

　　E.先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的

　　He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.

　　Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

　　三.比较When/which、where /which、why.

　　which I still never forget.

　　This is the day when I joined the party.

　　which he spent reading the books.

　　where I found the book.

　　which makes machines.

　　This is the place which we once visited.

　　which I will never forget.

　　which I am looking for.

　　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

　　限制性定语从句

　　非限制性定语从句

　　All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。(没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。)

　　从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。) 从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。) 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which

　　先研究下面两个例句：

　　○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。

　　○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。

　　这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：

　　1. 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

　　2. 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：

　　1.He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。

　　2. The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。(不用as)

　　3.The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。(不 用as)

　　4.He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)

　　5.As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：

　　1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。

　　=Books such as this are …

　　=Books like this are …

　　2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。

　　3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。

　　4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。

　　“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况

　　这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：

　　1. That is one of the books that are required for study at school.

　　2. This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.

　　3. She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .

　　4. This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,

　　如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：

　　1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one)

　　He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers)

　　2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one)

　　This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms)

　　as与which引导的定语从句

　　两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。

　　1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.

　　2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.

　　3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.

　　4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。

　　She has been late again, as was expected.

　　Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

　　英语定语从句的例句

　　1.窗户朝南的那间房间是我的。

　　The room whose window faces south is mine.=The room of which the window faces south is mine.

　　1. 整座城市躺在废墟中，其中百分子75的工厂和大楼消失不见了。 The whole city, 75% of whose factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.

　　2. 我们公司有2000工人，三分之二是女工。

　　Our company has 2000 workers, of whom two thirds/ two thirds of whom are women.

　　3. 那些被困在废墟里的人已经得救了。

　　Those who were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.

　　4. 你们刚才谈论的那场地震好可怕呀!

　　The earthquake that you were talking about sounded frightening/shocking.=The earthquake about which you were talking sounded frightening.

　　5. 我的家人都是音乐爱好者，今晚将去看电影。

　　My family, all of whom are music lovers, are going to the movie tonight.

　　6. 我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。

　　The building which we are looking at used to be a hospital.

　　7. 约翰向母亲说起过把他在国外见过的人和城市。

　　John once talked to his mom about the people and cities that he had visited abroad.

　　8. 他是去过伦敦的一位以观光者之一。

　　He is one of the tourists who have been to London.

　　9. 他是这些观光者当中唯一去过伦敦的。

　　He is the only one of the visitors that/who has been to London.

　　10. 这就是你们上个礼拜参观过的学校吗?

　　Is this the school that you visited last Sunday?

　　11. 这所学校就是你们上个礼拜参观过的那所吗?

　　Is this school the one that you visited last Sunday?

　　12. 他们曾经居住过的是在这个地方里。

　　It is in this place that he once lived.

　　13. 这是他们曾经住过的地址。

　　It is the place where he once lived.

　　14. 他有两个儿子，每一位都看起来像他。

　　He has two sons, either of whom looks like him.

　　15. 他有连个儿子，并且每一个都看起来像他。

　　He has two sons, and either of them looks like him.

　　16. 这是一本封面是蓝色的书。

　　17. This is a book whose cover is blue.=This is a book,of which the cover is blue=This is a book,the cover of which is blue.

　　18. 他不说令她生气的话。He said nothing that made her angry.

　　19. 那就是他拒绝在会上发言的理由。That was the reason why/for which he refused to speak at the meeting. =That was the reason which/that he refused to speak for at the meeting.

　　20. 那就是前几天麦克给我的理由。

　　That was the reason that/which Mac gave me.

　　21. 正如我们大家都知道的一样，比尔盖茨创建了微软公司。

　　As is known to us all, Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.

　　22. 比尔盖茨创建了微软公司是我们大家都知道的。

　　It is known to us all that Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.=That Bill Gates founded his own Microsoft is known to us all.

　　23. 是他那夹杂着乡村音乐，布鲁斯音乐和福音的风格成就了他的名气。你是同谁一起去看的电影?

　　It is his voice, with his country, blues and Gospel styles, that made him famous. Who was it that you went to the movie together with?=With whom was it that you went to the movie together..

　　24. 他不像是那种把工作留下一半的那种人。

　　He isn’t such a man as would leave his work half done.

　　25. 我要用与你们工厂里用过相同的那种工具。

　　I prefer to use the same tools as were used in your factory.

　　26. 我丢了一本书，书名我一时记不起来了。

　　I have lost a book whose title escapes me at the moment.=I lost a book,of which the title escapes me at the moment.

　　27. 像你在读的那本小说我不欣赏。

　　I don’t enjoy such a book as you are reading.=I don’t appreciate the same book as you are reading.

　　28. 擦黑板的那一位应该受到表扬

　　The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised.。

　　29. 我在初中度过的那三年我永远不会忘记。

　　I will never forget the three years that I spent in the junior middle school

　　30. 那不是我做事情的方法。

　　That isn’t the way( in which/that) I do it.

　　31. 他们能用不同的方法拼写单词，这是你们发现有趣的方法。

　　They could spell words in different ways which/that you might find interesting.=They could spell words by different means that /which you might find interesting.

　　32. 照现在的样子抄写这个表达词语，不要有任何更改。

　　Copy this expression as it is; don’t make any change.

　　33. 我们将尝试着帮助家长改善他们与孩子交谈的方式。

　　We will try to help parents improve the ways (that/in which) they talk with their children.

　　34. 只有用这种方法才会停止比尔盖茨的快速成功。

　　Only in this way/by this means can Bill Gates’ quick success be stopped.=Only in this way/By this means can they stop Bill Gate‘s quick success。

　　35. 这位在救援中左脚受伤的士兵，年仅二十岁。、

　　The soldier whose left foot got wounded during the rescue is only twenty years old.

　　36. 他们破坏法律的方式开始的时候是和平的。

　　At first the ways that/in which they broke the laws were peaceful.