托福口语特点以及答题技巧
新托福口语和老托福口语有很大的区别，尤其是新托福口语学术性要求更强了，对于很多考生而言，讲好英语不是问题，但是要讲好学术性的口语，就有一定难度了。为了帮助大家更好地备考，小编给大家整理了托福口语考试特点和答题技巧。
托福口语特点以及答题技巧
一、考察方向
新托福口语的第六道题，通常被考生视为难度最大的一道，就是因为它的考察形式--总结听到的1-2分钟的学术讲座。难点体现在两个方面：1. 纯粹的听力内容使听力较弱的考生无所适从;2. 学术讲座的专业性太强，如果考生不熟悉讲座的方向，会听得云里雾里。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，其实此题也是有章可循的：讲座通常围绕一个学术概念展开，然后给出此概念的定义，并运用具体的例子来对此概念进行补充，或给出实验的过程来论证此科学概念的科学性;或者，会围绕着一个科学现象展开，继而给出产生此现象的原因以及影响。因此，常见的提问方式如下：
1. Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two definitions of money presented by the professor.
2. Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two types of motivation.
3. Using the examples from the talk, explain how persuasive strategies are used in advertising.
4. Using the research described by the professor, explain what scientists have learned about the mathematical abilities of babies.
前两种提问方法常出现在概念--定义型的讲座中，而后两种提问方法常出先在实验型的讲座中。备考的考生须知，在听讲座的过程中，是看不到问题的。在讲座结束后，屏幕上会显示如上的问题，同时会有narrator将问题读出，以便考生熟悉题目中关键词的读音。
二、评分标准
那么考官是如何评分的呢?《新托福口语考试官方指南》指出第六题的评分标准是：考生需要充分展示自己的语言表达(发音)和语言运用(语法及词汇)能力，能“完整地回答问题”。许多考生在规定时间内无法完成回答，因为他们在概念总结上花费了太多的时间。若回答“遗漏关键信息”或“没有对重要信息展开论述”，那么评分人会只给2分。记住，第六题想要得高分，考生的回答要持续(很少或者没有不恰当的停顿)并且连贯(逻辑流畅)，容易使人理解。
三、讲座内容
Task 6的讲座通常为90-120秒，有些话题可能持续的时间更长，会超过2分钟。在讲座中，教授通常会先介绍一个概念或现象，然后一般情况下，会用两个例子或者两个下级分类来进行深入的解释。而有关于一个实验过程的讲座可能会描述一个过程的两个步骤。在讲述一件事件的讲座中，教授可能会描述一个事件的前因后果。在关于某科学社会理论的讲座中，教授则会举出一些例子来说明这一理论在日常生活中起的作用及对人们日常生活产生的影响。
由于第六道题目是纯粹的听力讲座而没有阅读材料，那么讲座中的主要内容通常情况下是会在第一句话中体现出来的。有时候教授会非常直接明显地点明话题，例如：Today we’ll talk about how companies determine the initial prices for their products. 然后教授会讲述主要概念涉及的过程或者基本原理及举例。
讲座结束后，考生将听到并在电脑屏幕上看到题目。如上文所示，第六题的题目会要求考生解释讲座所讨论的核心概念。由于此部分没有阅读内容，相较于Task 3和Task 4, 考生只有20秒的准备时间，在此期间，考生可依据自己的笔记进行思考和准备。在听到“哔”的提示声后，考生将有60秒的时间作答。
综上所述，在新托福口语的听力中，会存在非常明显的规律，在考生听懂大方向的情况下，不难将讲座的outline找出。让我们来看一篇新托福TPO真题。
So, let’s talk about money. What is money? Well, typically people think of coins and paper “bills” as money... but that’s using a somewhat narrow definition of the term.
A broad definition is this: money is anything that people can use to make purchases with. Since many things can be used to make purchases, money can have many different forms. Certainly, coins and bills are one form of money. People exchange goods and services for coins or paper bills, and they use this money ... these bills ... to obtain other goods and services. For example, you might give a taxi driver five dollars to purchase a ride in his taxi. And he in turn gives the five dollars to a farmer to buy some vegetables...
But, as I said, coins and bills aren’t the only form of money under this broad definition. Some societies make use of a barter system. Basically, in a barter system people exchange goods and services directly for other goods and services. The taxi driver, for example, might give a ride to a farmer in exchange for some vegetables. Since the vegetables are used to pay for a service, by our broad definition the vegetables are used in barter as a form of money.
Now, as I mentioned, there’s also a second ... a narrower definition of money. In the United States only coins and bills are legal tender—meaning that by law, a seller must accept them as payment. The taxi driver must accept coins or bills as payment for a taxi ride. OK? But in the U.S., the taxi driver is not required to accept vegetables in exchange for a ride. So a narrower definition of money might be whatever is legal tender in a society, whatever has to be accepted as payment.
Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two definitions of money presented by the professor.
在此讲座中，教授在第一句话中就直接地指出讲座的中心内容—Money, 随后的内容围绕着对Money的定义展开。整个讲座讲述了Money的两种定义，一种是广义的，一种是狭义的。教授首先讲述了广义的钱的定义，并以出租车和菜农的两个具体的例子来解释广义钱的定义内容。随后讲述了狭义的钱的定义，同样，在给出了定义之后，教授依然用出租车和菜农的例子来进行解释。
有了这样的一个outline后，考生需要提取出来的关键内容为：
-- A broad definition is this: money is anything that people can use to make purchases with.
-- Coins and bills are one form of money.
-- In a barter system people exchange goods and services directly for other goods and services.
-- So a narrower definition of money might be whatever is legal tender in a society, whatever has to be accepted as payment.
-- In the United States only coins and bills are legal tender-meaning that by law, a seller must accept them as payment.
如考生能够抓住以上几句关键句，那么在结合了例子之后，就可以有一份非常完美的答案了。例如，综合上述关键点，高分例文为：
The professor talks about two definitions of money, a broad one and a narrow one. By the broad definition, money is everything with which we can make purchases. For example, coins and bills can be money, because we can use them to buy goods such as vegetables and pay for services such as taxi. But in a barter system, vegetables can be money, because farmers can give drivers vegetables in exchange for a drive. By the narrow definition, in a society, the legal tender is money. For instance, in the US, drivers and farmers must accept dollars as payment. People can use dollars to pay for taxi and buy vegetables because dollar is the legal tender in the US. So, dollar in the form of coin and bill is money.
此范文逻辑清晰，并包含了讲座的各个方面，亦可为考生提供一定的关于定义类的模板：总起句引出话题--第二句讲两个下级分类--关键的定义及举例。一份完整的答案需要包含文中所提到的各个方面。例如，在讲述广义的定义时，教授提到两个方面的内容--传统的纸币及硬币和在以物换物社会下的任何物品。如果考生没有涉及到以物换物的钱的概念，那么答案将是不完整的，没有办法得到较高的成绩。
四、答题技巧
1. 避免原句照搬阅读和听力内容，适当进行词汇和语法的替换。由于Task 6是要求考生复述听力讲座中的内容，因此很容易出现考生直接原文复述所听所记内容的现象。要知道这样是会对考生的成绩产生一定的影响的，考生需要在总结出中心句的同时，对中心句进行一定的paraphrase。例如，听力原文的对话为：money is anything that people can use to make purchases with, 在范文中，被替换为money is everything with which we can make purchases。同样的一句话，同为定语从句结构，只是将介词的位置稍作改变，依旧是漂亮的一句话。很多考生存在疑问：是不是同义替换要把一整句话全部替换掉?其实不一定要一句话内没有丝毫重合，朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，考生只需将原句中的一、两个词替换成自己的表达，已经算是高效的同义替换了。
2. 学会记笔记。在第六道题里，考生记笔记的能力显得尤为重要，由于没有过多的准备时间，大多数考生会将自己记的内容稍加润色就直接读出来，因此笔记的量直接影响了回答的内容。然而，就像听力里的lecture, 如果笔记记得过多，又可能会影响听后面的内容。那么应该如何记笔记呢?笔者在上文中提到，讲座的主题一般会出现在第一句话，因此，在讲座一开始的时候，考生要全神贯注地去听核心概念，并用缩写记下关键术语，还要记下足够的信息来帮助自己定义这个核心概念。可能某个专业术语听不懂，但是又重复了好多遍，那么就标注其发音，甚至用中文拼音将其记录下来，因为后面肯定用得到。其次，考生需要记下支撑关键术语的例子或者实验的过程，通常有两个例子或者两个步骤，将步骤记得尽可能详尽。同时，由于听力的量比较大，考生需要学会运用适当的符号、箭头和缩写来完成自己的笔记。
此外，考生在备考的过程中，也需要多积累可以加分的语言点，如：使役动词的用法。由于讲座需复述的内容较多，考生亦需要去积累适当的连词来使表达连贯、有层次，以便形成高效的答案。
托福口语模板：大学新增设施
托福口语题目：Your university has decided to build a new space near students’ dormitory buildings. Which of the following choices do you think should your university build most? Give specific explanation in your response.
---a café
---a game room
---a study room
你的大学决定在学生宿舍建一个新的设施，你认为以下哪个最应该建：咖啡店、游戏室、学习室。
郝新宇老师的Sample response:
Personally speaking, I think building a café is the best choice. The main reason is now there is not an appropriate place for students to hang out in my university, it is common to see many students talk or discuss under the trees on the campus when the weather is extremely hot or cold. Thus, if building a spacious café, then in the day time some students can choose to read books or study there, and in the evening or at night many youngsters can drink, talk and relax there, keeping a balance between countless homework and relaxation. I think many students will support such an idea.
托福口语模板：学生选课还是教授选课
托福口语题目：Some students believe that students should choose what courses they learn by themselves, while some students believe that professors should make decisions for students. Which opinion do you support? Give specific explanation in your response.一些学生认为学生应该自己选课，另一些认为应该由教授替学生选课。你支持哪种观点，给出理由。
郝新宇老师的Sample response:
Personally speaking, I prefer professors make decisions. The main reason is professors’ choices tend to be mature and informed. They are clear about what students should learn and master for certain subjects. Taking the economics for example, professors have been investigating in this field for decades, they know students should learn courses like mathematics, econometrics, statistics, finance and so on, so as to master the skills needed in economics. However, if choosing by students, they are likely to be in a puzzle or at a loss about which courses to learn, consequently they may not learn necessary knowledge and achieve desired results.
托福口语模板：是否允许孩子犯错
托福口语题目：Some parents always try to prevent their children from making mistakes, while some parents allow their kids to commit mistakes, thinking such experience helpful. Which opinion do you agree and why? 一些家长总是试图防止孩子犯错误，而另一些家长则允许孩子犯错误，认为这些经历对孩子的成长是有帮助的。你同意哪种观点，为什么。
郝新宇老师的Sample response:
Personally speaking, I think parents should allow their children to make mistakes, because children can gain experience from mistakes. For example, if children mistakenly spell English words, after realizing that, they will obtain a clear impression on the right spelling. Also when studying mathematics, if kids’calculation did not reach the right result, they will try to find their mistakes, correcting them, after that next time when they do the similar calculation, they may not commit the same mistake. In a word, sometimes mistakes are the good teachers, helping children to grow.
托福口语特点以及答题技巧相关文章：
★ 托福口语常见题型
★ 托福口语考试要点
★ 托福口语讲义大全
托福口语特点以及答题技巧
上一篇：托福口语句型打包带走
下一篇：申请托福口语复议后我被降分了
