雅思口语头脑风暴法
头脑风暴法是一种创造性的技术，可以收集大量的想法来回答不同的主题，在雅思口语考试的问题种类繁多的今天,小编将给各位有关这个特别有效的提升数量和质量理念，望帮助提高各位考生的考试必要的士气。
雅思口语-搭建口语逻辑-“头脑风暴”法
Brainstorming is a creative technique that can gather a large amount of ideas to answer different topic and variety of questions in IELTS Oral test. This skill is especially effective to enhance either quantity or quality of ideas that can boost an examinee’s morale necessary for the exam.
There are three rules that should be followed in order to obtain a satisfying result from brainstorming:
Firstly, the examinee should learn to focus on the quantity of his/her answers. This rule is a means of enhancing excellent production and produce extraordinary ideas that can be used for the test. How to make an answer unique and extraordinary with knowledgeable contents are the most essential things that should be done before the exam. Thus, by reading brainstorming books or by brainstorming with other people can help to gain an ideal band score in the IELTS Oral Exam.
Secondly, learn to welcome unusual ideas and get a long list of ideas. They can be generated by looking from new perspectives and suspending assumptions. These new ways of thinking may provide better answer or solution to the questions in the test. Personal opinions or from others are especially welcomed by the examiners in the test. So, brainstorming with other people or reading different kinds of answers will be very helpful when taking the exam.
Lastly, combine and improve ideas through brainstorming. Good ideas should be combined to form a single excellent idea and stimulate the building of an idea by the process of the association. It is critical to be able to gather different perspective and thinking to form an effective answer for the test. Examiners would really appreciate to hear not only knowledgeable answers but also answers that have depth.
And also, after following the three rules mentioned above, surely it will help examinees stretch their minds further and therefore produce more creative ideas that can work as a huge advantage for them in the test. Below is an example on how to brainstorm about the questions of the IELTS oral English.
EQUIPMENT
1. What is your favorite electrical equipment that is in your house?
Answer:
1. My favorite electrical equipment in my house would be the television…
2. I cannot imagine living without my computer …
3. I appreciate my blender very much ….
Explain:
1. because it is my major source of entertainment after a hard day’s work.
2. for the reason that I can reach my work , networks, social circles, hobbies and source of entertainment through this equipment.
3. simply because it gives me the refreshments that I want and need for my good health.
Opinion:
1. I think almost all households have at least one or more of this at home.
2. In my opinion, most people especially the youth at present time would not survive without a computer.
3. Personally, I think I can make lots of experiments on fruit shakes just by using my blender.
Sample Answer:
I cannot imagine living without a computer for the reason that I can reach my work, networks, social circles, hobbies and source of entertainment through this equipment. I think that almost all households have at least one or more of this at home. In my opinion, most people especially the youth at present time would not survive without a computer.
2. What kind of electrical equipment do you think is hard to use?
Answer:
1. I think the sound system is very complicated to use …
2. I find the modern version projector difficult to use…
3. I am having a hard time with using an electric floor polisher…
Explain:
1. because I get confused with the different kinds of buttons for each of the settings for each of the microphone.
2. because this equipment seem to be sensitive and fragile.
3. because I find it too heavy and too slow.
Opinion:
1. In my opinion, only sound technicians or people who are trained for it would be able to operate the sound system confidently and comfortably.
2. Personally, I would rather use the older version projector which seems easier and less intricate.
3. Personally, I would rather prefer to use the coconut husk and do the floor polishing manually so that it would be a lot faster.
Sample Answer:
I think the sound system is very complicated to use because I get confused with the different kinds of buttons for each of the settings for each of the microphone. In my opinion, only sound technicians or people who are trained for it would be able to operate the sound system confidently and comfortably. Personally, I find this equipment to be sensitive and fragile.
3. Why people rely on using electrical equipments nowadays?
Answer:
1. People are too dependent on using electrical equipments nowadays for the sake of convenience….
2. Nowadays, people would like to take short cuts …
3. People have no choice as modern day equipments are now mostly electrical
Explain:
1. due to the demands of life’s daily tasks and routines.
2. because they could accomplish more things and rest earlier too if they have efficient ways of doing things.
3. that is why they buy whatever is being offered at the department stores that would suit their needs.
Opinion:
1. I think that people tend to get lazier because of this.
2. Personally, I think that people tend not to be able to develop more manual skills because of this.
3. In my opinion, people are willing to spend for the sake of convenience.
Sample Answer:
People are too dependent on using electrical equipments nowadays for the sake of convenience and nowadays, people would like to take shortcuts too. This is due to the demands of life’s daily tasks and routines and also because people could accomplish more things and rest earlier too if they have efficient ways of doing things. Personally, I think that people tend not to be able to develop more manual skills because of this and they tend to get lazier too.
Part II - In IELTS Oral English part II the candidate should talk for 1-2 minutes. To be able to do that 15-30 sentences should be organized for each topic.
Describe an electrical equipment that you use everyday (except computer)
What I am currently doing the treadmill everyday.
Who This was advised by my best friend
Why because she was concerned about my weight gain. Doing the treadmill serves as our cardio exercise for a healthier heart. This is also to keep our body fit.
Where I used to go to my best friend’s house to use her treadmill but now I go to the gym because it is nearer our place.
When I started to do treadmill around January of this year. I am currently doing it everyday now.
为雅思口语加分：改述法(Paraphrase)的妙用
相信大部分雅思烤鸭在准备口语考试的过程中都面临过两大问题：“不知道说什么” 和“不知道用英文怎么说” 。雅思作为一个对外语能力的功能性测试，其侧重点必然不会放在考生回答的内容上，其主要考察的仍然是考生的英语表达能力，也就是说怎么正确流畅地用英语表达出自己的意思才是重点。但由于雅思口语考试不同于国内传统英语考试，其话题经常涉及到社会、科技等大多数考生较为陌生的领域，在没有接受专业培训的情况下，考生很容易因为平时忙于学业、无暇关注这些领域的问题而完全没有思路或者词穷。尤其是考试经验不太多的考生，很容易三言两语就把能想到的话都说完了，导致考试结果不尽如人意。由于内容不够丰满而无法充分展现自己的英语表达能力导致分数不理想是一件非常冤枉的事情，尤其是对于原本英语基础并不差、但是对雅思考试了解不多的考生。
过于“言简意赅”的答题风格在Part 2最为吃亏——众所周知，Part 2对于考生的发言时间有硬性要求：1-2分钟。对于很多考生来说，说够一分钟是首要目标。特别是在流畅度达标的情况下，说够一分钟并没有想象中的容易。通常考生需要把自己的语言组织成8-12句话才能够达到时长的指标。在一分钟的审题时间里头脑风暴出8句话逻辑清晰、有条有理的英文句子绝非易事，在碰到一些看起来简直“可怕”的话题(比如三月口语话题A popular product made in China、A wild animal in your country)时极其容易头脑一片空白，无法讲出太多实质性的内容。这种万不得已的时候就可以用到改述法拖慢答题的节奏，给自己争取更多的思考时间。在人人望而生畏的Part 3中，如能正确掌握改述法，更是能让自己的表意清楚，提高得分。
改述法，英文中叫paraphrase，在中外学术论文中都是一种十分常见的写作手法，适当地引入到口语答题当中效果更是立竿见影。Paraphrase在剑桥字典中的释义为：
To repeat something written or spoken using different words, often in a humorous form or in a simpler and shorter form that makes the original meaning clearer.
可见被paraphrase出来的句子虽然是重复已经讲过的话，但它并不是“废话”，而是换一种方式，比如用不同的句式和词汇来将自己的意思解释得更加清晰明白。举个例子，假如我们在Part 3中讨论互联网的advantage，在举例时可以回答Uploading a video to YouTube can help exposure for your business. Your business can be seen by many people if you post a video on YouTube. 第二句跟第一句相比，使用了不同的成分当主语，改变了句式，但表达的意思与第一句基本相同，而且内容更加具体。两句连着读出来也并不会觉得累赘或啰嗦，这就是成功的paraphrase示范。
在Part 2中，改述法更适用于答案的开头句和结尾句。例如拿到describe a tourist attraction这个题目的时候，我们讲完烂大街的opener：I’m going to talk about _X, which is a famous/popular tourist attraction之后，如果下一句描述location的话语言还没组织好的话，就可以把第二句变成every year, a lot of people go to travel in _X，既把答题时间拖长了几秒，又避免了长时间的语塞和停顿，还解释了首句的famous/popular，让开头显得不那么唐突和苍白无力。
需要注意的是，改述法并不是单纯的重复，它起到的更多的是一种explanation的作用，能让自己的意思更深一层或更具体的改述才是成功的改述。我们答题的最终目标还是让自己的答案内容充实，连续好几句话都是paraphrase同一句话是不可取的。改述法如能被知悉并善用，不仅有助于口语考试的提分，对于考生们出国之后的学业也会十分有帮助。
按雅思口语题目类型备考雅思口语
雅思口语题目类型：地点类
地点类雅思高频口语话题：Part 2话题除了题目例如describe a tall building in your hometown / describe a cafe which you have been to之外，每个题目下面都会有四个小问去帮大家围绕这个话题拓展思路。那么从对这几个小问的总结中不难发现，地点类话题通常都可以通过下面这些方面去展开。
前两个小问比较高频的问题例如where/ when/ who/ how often此类的背景信息。 第三个小问高频问题是这个地方可以做的activity或者decoration。最后一个问题通常让考生去描述对这个地方的feelings或者解释为什么会有这样的feelings。
有序展开背景
在总结完高频的问题之后，我们可以通过头脑风暴brainstorm 的方式，把这些小问再细化。
例如问到where is this place，除了说这个地方的location还可以延伸一下transport，surrounding, history, popularity。这里提及到的各个方面信息，是地点类话题的一个共性，我们可以融会贯通在不同的地点类话题中，
例如：涉及location 跟transport, 用本季度的Describe a cafe you have been to为例。The cafe is in an easily accessible location in my city . It’s only ten-minute walk from my apartment , so i like to go there in my spare time. 那么把主语cafe 换成本季度的 quiet place / important sport stadium / a tall building / a garden都可以随时灵活上线。
除此之外，还可以补充的细节包括： history , 大家不用想的那么困难，如果是大的地方像城市，国家，可以提及，it has profound history about ... years. 如果是小的地点像 building , sport stadium, cafe 这些就可以说什么时候建成或者开张。Like，it was built originally for ... back into ...2015. 此外还可以说一下这个地点的popularity。在第一第二个涉及到背景信息的问题when/ who/ how often，可以再延伸when you would like to go/ how often do you go there/ who you would like to go there with / why you would like to go with this person/ 那这样一补充，地点类话题的背景描述一般正常语速的同学大概能说个二三十秒了。(有的同学特别老实，就仅仅只按照问题上面的内容，问一个答一个，会很局限。以上的拓展在地点类话题都是融汇贯通，可以信手拈来的用上。)
丰富描述主体
那么到第三第四个小问的展开，这两个小问在总结的时候以及谈到，多数涉及此地点的activity , decoration跟feelings的描述。在地点类话题中，这些小问都可以通过"五觉法"去丰富的展开。"五觉"顾名思义从五种感官去描述，包括eyes, ears, nose,mouth, mind。对于decoration的展开可以从到eyes去描述，这个地方能看到怎样的形态以及布置。例如：游泳胜地： 看到crystal blue sea ; pure sky , 高楼看到the building looks like a slim waist from distance. 体育馆：The stadium is shaped like a dome and it’s wrapped by a bunch of glass-walls. 咖啡馆：when you walk in the cafe, you will see there are many artistic pictures hanging on the wall which are so eye-catching.
梳理清晰框架
很多同学会有一个错觉，就是我只要keep talking就觉得万事大吉了，但其实不然，如果说的没有什么条理性，各种堆砌，也并不能从考官那拿到理想的分数。这个时候回答的框架就尤为重要。尤其是地点类话题当你想要去描述他的appearance / feature/decoration .以及活动activity，我们记住一个框架，就是，
总起 + 分述 + 亮点
总起就是用一句概括这个地方的总体特征，例如描述有趣的房子
what it is looks like : the house is really amazing / the design of this house is pretty eye-catching . The courtyard of his house is like a wonderland.
分述： 就是罗列一下具体都有些什么特征：
a princess-like swing / a mini size slider , a small pond with some fishes
亮点： It’s really amazing that / you know what surprises me most is that ... She plants some flowers in the yard according to the seasons. So whenever you step in the yard, with a gentle breeze you can smell the fresh fragrance from the flowers , how nice is it!
雅思口语题目类型：物品类
雅思关于物品类话题有一个明显的特征就是题目繁多，其中分为两大类：实体类话题和媒体类话题，其中实体类话题包括：
A statue or work of art
An antique or old thing in your family
A piece of clothes you wore in formal / special occasions
A product that is made in China (a car, handicraft or food)
媒体类话题包括了：
TV program / film that made you laugh
An advertisement which makes you want to buy something
A useful website you like to visit
Describe a movie / film you dislike
物品类话题的弊端就是同类话题很难总结一起，不太具有归类的特点。这点不像人物类，或者地点类。我们同学大致准备几个话题就能套用。所以一般大家认为物品类话题通常需要各个击破。但是，事实也许并非如此!也许我们可以把不可能变成可能，通过话题剧情编排合并，以及成功的逻辑手法，可以把物品类话题互相合并、抵消;不仅如此，还要把它同雅思口语第一部分话题、人物类话题、地点类话题以及事件类话题全部合并到一起。真正做到雅思口语大串联，原来雅思口语可以这么玩!
基本描绘逻辑：
我们将引入两种最常用的议论手法：归纳法和演绎法来分析物品类话题。1.归纳法：指的是从许多个别事例中获得一个较具概括性的规则。这种方法主要是从收集到的既有资料，加以抽丝剥茧地分析，最后得以做出一个概括性的结论。2.演绎法：是从既有的普遍性结论或一般性事理，推导出个别性结论的一种方法。由较大范围，逐步缩小到所需的特定范围。另外我们今天需要把话题分为两类：横向合并和纵向合并。横向合并指：将各类物品类话题中剧情描绘的共同特征，互相串用。纵向合并指代：将雅思口语第一部分中的同类话题、人物类话题、地点类话题和事件类话题，按照它们的剧情共性，并入物品类相应话题中。好了，让我们一起来见证奇迹!
归纳法话题举例
我们先找一道物品类话题中的题目，比如“An advertisement which makes you want to buy something”。广告题一直以来都是重点考题，已经连续不间断考了多年，可是大家准备过程中仍然觉得很头疼，准备什么呢!怎么准备呢!怎么拿高分!首先我们需要先explain题目中keyword:advertisement。
“A notice, such as a poster, newspaper display, or paid announcement in the electronic media, designed to attract public attention or patronage.”(美国现代词典)
从概念得知，广告不只是商人们在电视上推销自己产品的媒体宣传- 消费者广告 .现代广告种类繁多，广告分类的方法也很多。以广告主是否为营利组织为广告分类标准，广告一般可分为商业广告(Commercial Advertising)和非商业广告( uncommercial Advertising)。其中，非商业广告通常是宗教组织、慈善组织、政府部门、社会团体等非营利性组织的广告。所以很少同学想到说后者。
另外，以广告发布的媒介为广告分类标准，广告可以分为电视广告(Television Advertising )、报纸广告(Newspaper Advertising)、杂志广告(Magazine Advertising )、户外广告(Outside Advertising )、电影广告(Cinema Advertising )、网络广告 (Internet Advertising )等等。其中诸如网络广告-banner(包括：网幅广告, 旗帜广告, 横幅广告)是非常新颖的，在准备中，除描写广告内容本身，更可以重点分析这种广告，对社会，对特定受众带来什么影响等。
好了，刚才的我们brainstorm了广告这个keyword后，现在我们可以进行串联了。我挑了物品类话题中的另一题来串联：“A piece of clothes you wore in formal / special occasions”。从上表中我们看出，我们把衣服类话题和广告类话题按照两种共同的特性，可以分为客观因素(objective factors)和主观因素(subjective factors)。再一次进行brainstorming, 可以发现，购买衣服的原因同样适合放在一则有影响力的广告描绘中。我为大家列出了客观因素共性一行，以下是类似英语表达：
The designer mix both traditions and modern trends to suit women's expectations.
T-shirts are typically made of cotton or polyester fibers, knitted together in a jersey stitch that gives a T-shirt its distinctive soft texture.
They are now a very popular form of casual dress around the world.
The short black dress accentuated her slimness.
好了，我们再同理讨论主观因素，主观因素描写既可以写成理由排列，也可以写成剧情，从表格中所见，我罗列了各种理由，下面我们开始铺剧情：
My mother bought it for me as a birthday gift. I was very busy with my studies last winter and I forgot that my birthday was coming....(clothes)
In the advertisement, Miss Zhang bought this chic dress to her mother as a birthday present. Her mother was too busy to remember her own birthday....(advertisement plot)
我们发现，剧情稍作改编，两个话题就可以通用了。好了，同学们一起仿照我表格里的方法，把其他实物类话题如：Photograph，Gift，Something expensive you bought和advertisement归纳到一起吧!
如果advertisement话题可以同实体类物品话题组合，那它是不是也可以和其他同类媒体话题组合呢?这一次，我挑选了“A movie you would like towatch (about a real person or event)”。本文一开始对广告的explain中，我已经解释了有一种广告叫做：电影宣传片或电影宣传广告。确定了这个概念后，我们一起在如下这张表中brainstorm吧：
归纳法
电影类话题
电影宣传广告话题
客观因素共性
情节、演员、特效/画面、风格、音乐
情节、演员、特效/画面、风格、音乐
主观因素共性
触动心灵，励志（当幸福来敲门）
观后印象：触动心灵，励志（当幸福来敲门）
其他媒体类：
电视连续剧话题
公益类广告、亲情类广告、励志类广告
网站话题
网幅广告,旗帜广告,横幅广告
All right, 从表格看到，根据客观和主观因素的分类，我们又一次找出了它们的共性。接着，我们选一部电影：Will Smith和他儿子主演的“当幸福来敲门”,先用英语写出电影的开场描绘(客观描绘部分)：
As far as this topic is concerned, I guess, I would like to describe“Pursuit of happiness”; I watched it a few years ago with a couple of friends in the cinema. As it is acted by the famous academy award winner actor and singer in Hollywood“Will Smith”....
好了，从下面我们开始改编电影宣传广告开场描绘(客观描绘部分)：
In terms of this topic, I suppose, I would like to describe the Cinema Advertising of the movie “Pursuit of happiness”; I watched it a few years ago at home. As it is acted by the famous academy award winner actor and singer in Hollywood “Will Smith”....
是不是一石二鸟!接着，我们看看两个题目主观因素的描述部分(对我的影响力):
I still remember a classic line (经典句型)，Chris Gardner told his son;“People can’t do something by themselves; they wanna (want to 的连音) tell you that you can’t do it, don’t ever let somebody tell you that you can’t do something, not even me.” I guess this was the sentence that gave me courage. And , now here I am, taking the IELTS test, planning to go abroad and receive higher education.(电影对我的影响力)
立刻改编成广告类话题：
A classic line (经典句型) at the end of the advertisement bumps into my ears，Chris Gardner told his son;“People can’t do something by themselves; they wanna (want to 的连音) tell you that you can’t do it, don’tever let somebody tell you that you can’t do something, not even me.”I remembered that this was a sentence that aroused my interests to watch the movie later on. And , its parks me to study harder! now here I am, taking the IELTS test, planning to go abroad and receive higher education.(看了宣传广告后对我的影响)
此外，想拿高分的同学还可以补充更多内容，从电影宣传广告的好处brainstorm, 比如:
It is an efficient way for movie buffs to quickly scan all the movies and sort out those they want to watch.(从电影迷入手)
It is very convenient to publicize on all sorts of media no matter through the Internet，the poster or on TV (从电影商入手)
雅思口语题目类型：人物类
人物类话题很常见，一般人物类话题有这些问法：
常见问题一：你要描述的人是谁?
Who this friend is?/Who he or she is?/Who this person is?/Who the character was?/Who these two people are?
这个问题是几乎所有人物类话题的第一问，属于必答题。回答这一问题的时候，我们不但需要告诉考官这个人是谁(这是最基本的)，而且要对所描述的他/她进行一些修饰，要让考官在没有见过这个人的情况下能够闭上眼仿佛看到这个人就正站在身旁一样。
评书中所说的“此人眉分八彩，目若朗星，准头端正，齿白唇红”起的就是这一作用。比如我们来一起看看下面这段对人的描述：
He is well over six feet tall，has this long straggly brown hair. He has a perpetual look of bemusement on his face，full-sleeve tattoos on both arms，and always wears some variation of a sleeveless leather vest，holey blue jeans tucked into his beat-up cowboy boots，and a cigarette between his lips at all times.
他身高六尺有余，头上散着棕色的头发。他的眼神既忧郁又总带有困惑。双臂从上到下布满了纹身。他总是身着各种无袖皮坎肩，把满是破洞的蓝色牛仔裤裤腿扎进那几双破旧的牛仔靴里，而且嘴里无时无刻的不叼着根烟。
如果我们作答的时候可以说出以上的描述，考官想不给你高分都不可能。因为在他们脑海中可以清晰的浮现出这个人的形象，他好像正在向考官们走来，嘴里吐着烟圈，马上要说“How are you doing， man?”了。所以，如果我们想让自己的作答能够使考官眼前一亮、记忆深刻，我们就要抓住细节来充分描述，比如说这个人身上比较有特点的地方：发型、体态、眼神、穿着等等。这些细节的描述远比那种范范的诸如“He‘s quite tall and strong with long hair on his head.”要生动的多，所得的分数自然也就相距甚远了。
常见问题二：你是怎么遇到这个人的?
How you first met this person?/How you know this person?/How you know him/her?/How you know about this person?
如果各位烤鸭对人物类的机经很熟悉的话，就不难发现这是另外一道在该类话题中出现的高频题。回答该题时，要让考官有一种是 “当事人”感觉。所以我们要把当时第一次见到所描述对象的场景详细的讲述给考官，细节的描述不但可以增加故事的真实性，而且还能让考官感觉到我们对所描述对象的重视。比如：
I first met him on the basketball court in a hot and sunny afternoon when I was sitting somewhere around the stand. He came up with me to check whether I would like to join his team. He then left me a deep impression by his firm look and tough temperament.
我第一遇到他是一个大晴天的下午，当时我正坐在篮球架子旁。他过来问我想不想加入他们队来一起玩。他有着坚定的面容和坚强气质，这都给我留下了深刻的印象。
听完以上的描述，考官会变成注视着这一切发生的人，他没有忽略任何细节。但如果我们把作答变成：I met him in my school and he gave me a very deep impression.那么考官会听了以后感觉会很模糊，或者感觉千篇一律，那么想得好成绩也就不可能了。
常见问题三：你对这个人的感觉是什么?
How you feel about him/her?
对机经比较熟悉的烤鸭会知道这种问题出现在人物类话题卡的最后一问，也就是说，它是我们作答的重点和所占得分比很大的一道问题，所以毫无疑问我们要在这一题的回答中尽可能的多说一些话。对这个人的感觉，我们可以从一个人的兴趣爱好、特长、才能、品行以及一切特征来进行细节的描述。比如：
Writing creativity is his best quality. He doesn’t try to exert his will in the music creative arena-he leaves that to me-he just does what he does best： thinking and writing lyrics; that is his forte. Because of this advantage， he becomes the source to represent us and all the words he makes can act as inspiration to every listener.
And another interesting thing is that he is born a painter，and like painters historically do，he usually skips the class but to find himself somewhere around the shopping malls，sitting there for the whole afternoon to have a satisfying picture.
考官在听完这种描述后，即使不认识描述对象，也会对他艺术方面的才华称赞不已。相比之下，“I think he is a man who likes writing and he can write a lot of words. Moreover， he likes painting and he usually goes to shopping malls to paint.”这种描述会让考官觉得所描述对象的才华一般，没有什么突出的，这只让考官知道了所描述对象的两个爱好而已。
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