托福独立写作中常用的11类连接词汇总
在托福写作备考的过程中，我们通常都是会比较关注一些词汇和句型的时候，而在这其中，往往都是会对连接词有了一些疏忽，而通常这些词也是我们得分点。那么，在以下内容中，我们就整理一下在托福写作中常用的一些连接词给大家，希望能为同学们的备考带来帮助。
托福独立写作中常用的11类连接词汇总
1.增补(Addition) >in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what is more, next, finally.
2.比较(Comparison) >in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as
3.对照(contrast) >whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, unlike, on the contrary, while
4.转折性过度 >however, nevertheless, instead
5.因果(Cause and effect) >because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), accordingly, hence, so, thus
6.强调(Emphasis) >certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important
7.让步(Concession) >although, though, after all, in spite of, still, provided, while it is true....
8.例证(Exemplification) >for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in >this case
9.总结(Conclusion) >to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary
10.推断(Inference) >therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise
11.时间和空间(Time and space) >afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, >below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of
托福写作练习 如何巧妙使用连词并做到内在论证统一?
一.托福写作中如何巧妙使用连词
任何形式的英语文章中都应该具备一定量的连接词(路标词)，因为它们是有助于读者顺利阅读的“导航坐标”;大多数考生在备考时也的确会准备一系列此类连接词，用于文章每个段落的段首;包括有表示“第一，第二，第三”等的连接词。但是单纯有段首连接词还不足以支撑全文的结构，因此考生应该同时准备段中连接词，包括“比如说，因为，但是，相对比而言”等，粗略估计，全文完成下来可以达到15个以上的路标词，不仅承接了全文，结构清晰明了，而且也为时间紧张下的写作减轻了不少字数压力。以下为常用连接词：
第一：in the first place/ first and foremost/ to start with/ to begin with/ first of all/ first/ firstly
第二：in the second place/ secondly and equal importantly/ to continue/ second/ secondly
第三：in the third place/ last but not least/ third/ thirdly
一方面、另一方面：on one hand/ on the other hand; for one thing/ for another
表原因：because/ because of/ since/ due to/ as/ thanks to/ for/ owing to
表结果：so/ therefore/ as a result/ consequently/ as a consequence
表举例：for example/ for instance/ such as/ take…as an example/ to illustrate
表承接：besides/ furthermore/ moreover/ what’s more/ in addition/ additionally
表转折：but/ while/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless
表比较对比: to compare with/ compared with/ in comparison with/ by contrast/ on the contrary
当然，仅仅依靠连接词是不足以表明全文的连贯性的，适当的添加过渡句也是很好的承接手段，如Official Guide To The New TOEFL P263中有一篇关于DISHONESTY KILLS RELIABILITY 的5分范文中就有出现多处明显的段落过渡句，如第三段首“After stating that everyone’s opinion can be different about this, for me honesty, in other words, always telling…”用来承接上下两段，以引出自己的观点看法;第五段首“Although I would like to see altruistic, understanding, thoughtful and loyal behavior from people, an instance of the opposite…”等都明显具备良好的过渡功能，让全文更加流畅舒服，朗朗上口。
二.托福写作练习如何做到文章内所有论证统一
Official Guide To The New TOEFL这一官方指南中也明确在写作部分提到“但要知道，仅仅使用第一，第二这样的连接词并不能保证作文结构的严谨，还要注意让所有的观点与文章的主题相关，紧扣中心思想。换句话说，作文要有统一性，评分原则中提到的统一性，渐进性和连贯性这些都是评估作文结构是否严谨，读者能否比较容易地跟上作者思路的标准。”通过上段叙述，我们不难发现作文论证统一性的重要性。
而事实上这也正是被许多考生所忽略的问题。在拿到试题后，考生们不是先腾出时间构思结构框架，而是急着抓住哪怕是一分钟的时间动笔写作，其实如此的选择是要不得的，朗阁海外考试研究中心强烈建议各位考生在考试时不要舍不得这准备的时间，正所谓“磨刀不误砍柴功”;因为只有当你事先构思好而不是边想边写，你才能真正做到论证内容的一致性，观点与论据的统一性，也才能真正取得高分。另外，用最直白的作答应对题目的提问，用单边的手段安排整篇文章成5段的总分总思路是十分适用的。
托福写作经典搭配梳理
1.NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO
例句：It is undeniable that by taking a major-related part-job, students can not merely improve their academic studies, but also gain much experience, which they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
[参考翻译]:不可否认的是学生通过做一份和专业相关的工作不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。
2.BUT ...AS WELL
To most people, education means schools. But education has many other sources as well the home, museums, television, advertising, newspapers, and magazines.
[参考翻译]:对大多数人来说，教育意味着学校。但是教育还有其他的渠道，如家庭、娱乐场所、电视、广告、报纸、杂志等。
We are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well.
[参考翻译]:我们经常听到这样的建议：人老了，要保持体育活动。但老年人还需要保持大脑活动。
3.AS MUCH... AS
例句：Many old people like to spend mornings in parks. They go there as muchfor companionship as for physical exercise.
[参考翻译]:许多老人喜欢早晨到公园去。他们到那里去既是为了锻炼，也是为了交友谈心。
例句: The success of the government’s anti-inflation efforts will depend as much on strong political will as on wise economic policy.
[参考翻译]:政府反通货膨胀的努力的成功既有赖于明智的经济政策，也有赖于政治上的坚决意志。
4.NO LESS(...) THAN
例句：As regards our foreign policy, it is no less our interest than our duty to maintain the most friendly relations with other countries.
[参考翻译]:关于我们的对外政策，维持和其他国家的友好关系，既是我们的义务，也同样是我们的利益。
例句：Printing does as much harm as good, since it gives us bad books as well as good ones, and propagates falsehood and error less than knowledge and truth.
[参考翻译]:印刷给我们带来好处，也带来坏处，因为它出版了好书，也出版了坏书，宣传了真理和知识，也散布了谬误和错误。
5. AS WELL AS
例句：Businessmen should be honest, because, for the most part, businessmen are leaders of the larger community as -well as of their own enterprises.
[参考翻译]:商人应该诚实，因为就大多数人来说，他们既是自己企业的领导人，又是较大社区的领导人。
例句：We should keep optimistic, for there is a great opportunity as -well as great danger in the present crisis, as the Chinese word“crisis” suggests which is a combination of two meanings: danger and opportunity.
[参考翻译]:我们应该保持乐观，因为在目前的危机中，既存在危险，又存在很大的机会。正如中文‘危机”这个词组所隐含的意思，它是由危险和机会两个意思所组成的。
6.BOTH...AND
What is taught, these faculties argue, is both critical and problem-solving modes of thought, as well as a close familiarity with at least one field.
这些教师认为，学校教授的应既是批评性的又是解决问题性的思维模式，以及至少非常熟悉一个领域里的知识。
7.DO MORE THAN +V
Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talkabout the rise in student cheating.
[参考翻译]:全国各地的大学已决定不仅仅只空谈学生考试作弊愈益严重的情况。
Led by a self-confident America 9 the Europeans did more than merely follow.
[参考翻译]:在充满自信的美国领导下，欧洲国家不仅仅是亦步亦趋。
8. A MIXTURE OF/BETWEEN...AND
It was not difficult to understand that most white people
act towards the black with a mixture of sympathy and disgust.
[参考翻译]:要理解大多数白人为什么对待黑人的态度既同情又仇视是不很难的。
Organized sports have become a mixture of patriotism and national pride on the one hand with the national religion and symbols on the other.
[参考翻译]:一方面竞技体育既激起了爱国主义精神又激起了民族自豪，另一方面又成为国家宗教和国家的象征。
9.AT ONCE...AND
Sports accurately reflects American society, its frustrations, its fantasies, its cultural values. The arena is at once apart from and a part of everyday life.
[参考翻译]:体育确切地反映了美国社会，她的失意，她的想象，她的文化价值。竞技场既远离日常生活，又是日常生活的一部分。
This course will provide the student with an opportunity for learning to be at once more fanciful and more decisive.
[参考翻译]:这个课程将给学生机会，学习如何做到既更富有幻想，又更果断。
3种常用托福写作句型 让你的托福独立写作拿高分
第一种托福写作实用句型：大家熟知但是却不爱用的there be句型
说熟知是绝大部分同学或多或少写过，说不爱用，就得提提老给我们使绊的“Chinglish思维方式了”。There be的句型在写作中极容易犯错，比如：明天将会有很多重大新闻。
有的同学想都不想的造句：Tomorrow will have many significant news. 这样的句型就属于是较严重的语法错误了，tomorrow能发出have这个动作吗?肯定是不能的，所以主语并不是tomorrow。这里很明显没有可以发出“有”这个动作的主语，所以正确答案应该是：There will be many significant news tomorrow. Tomorrow 是典型的时间状语，所以以后在there be的写作中要注意可能出现的状语和主语的混淆错误。
第二种托福写作实用句型：动名词做主语
动词一般不可以在句首做主语，但是如果把动词加上ing，它就会变成“动名词”，那么这个主语就是“名正言顺”的了。语法书中定义：“动名词，即是兼有名词和动词特征的非限定性动词，可以做主语、定语、表语和宾语等。”
所以上面的二个句子这样翻译最合适：
1. 读书是一门艺术：Reading is an art.
2. 贩卖毒品是犯法的：Selling drugs is illegal.
大家可以发现，动名词做主语的句子所包含的意思真的不是针对哪一个或哪一类人，暗指的对象应该是整个大众，所以，使用动名词开头的句型不仅像是在说理，而且还更加客观、科学，是书面语的标志。
第三种托福写作实用句型：代词做主语
第三种句型还是适用在找不到主语的情况下， 但是情况要显得更加复杂一些。
例：“现在对于很多老师来说处理学生的在校不恰当行为并不是那么容易。”
句子看上去似乎很复杂，学生可能需要想很久、慢慢理清楚词与词之间的关系。其实，这时候有种很简单的方法就可以轻松地解决问题。如果在翻译一个脑海中出现的中文句子，注意到句子里有形容词的话基本上至少可以用这个句型来处理：“It is + 形容词+ for somebody to do sth.”
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