什么是主动语态和被动语态
什么是主动语态和被动语态
编者按：英语中当主语是谓语动作的发出者时，我们称之为主动语态，二挡主语是谓语动作的承受者是就是被动语态。下面小编就来带你一起学习下，希望对大家有帮助。
1.当主语是谓语动作的发出者时，我们称之为主动语态(主动句)。
We speak English.
我们讲英语。
(“讲”是主语“我们”发出的动作。)
He is writing a letter.
他下在写一封信。
(writing是主语He发出的动作。)
2. 当主语是谓语动作的承受者时，称之为被动语态(被动句)：在中文里相当于“…被…”的句子。
Class 1 was defeated.
一班被打败了。
(主语Class 1是defeted的承受者)
A hare was killed.
一只野兔被打死了。
(A hare是killed的承受者。在形式上A hare是was killed的主语，但在意思上，A hare是killed的宾语，即等于：Someone killed a hare.)
3.大多数“主-动-宾”结构的主动句都可以转换为被动句。
(1)将原来的宾语变为主语，并将原来的主动态动词词组变为被动态动词词组。
This factory produces machine tools.
→Machine tools are produced in this factory.
The found a wallet in the car.
→A wallet was found in the car.
They are repairingthe bridge.
→The bridge is being repaired.
They have repaired the bridge.
→The bridge has been repaired.
They often make fun of her.
→She is often made fun of.
He took great care of his books.
→His books were taken great care of.
→Great care was taken of his books.
(2)如果原句带有情态动词或半助动词，在变为被动句时，助动词不变，随后的主动词变为被动态。
They should do this right now.
→ This should bedone right now.
They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.
→The applicants maybe being interviewed at the moment.
They must have finished their work.
→Their work must have been finished
He is likely tolet you down.
→You are likely tobe let down.
(3)当主动句变被动句，如果要强调施动者，可将原句主语置于by- 词组中表达出来。
A boy found this wallet in the street.
→This wallet was found in the street by a boy.
(4)当主动句是一个“主-动-宾-宾”结构时，可以有两种形式。
Father gave me a toy yesterday.
→I was given a toy yesterday.
→A toy was given to me yesterday.
(5)当主动句是一个“主-动-宾-补”结构时，可将原来的宾语变为被动句的主语，原来的宾语补语变为被动句里的主语补语。
They named the boy Tom.
→The boy was named Tom.
We painted the wall pink.
→The wall was painted pink.
在英语里，有些表达只能用主动语态。
The door won’t lock.门锁不上。
The cloth washes well.这布料很耐洗。
The drawer won’t open.这抽屉打不开。
His novel sells well.他的小说销路很好。
This paper tears easily.这纸一撕就破。
本文作者：丹丹英语 (公众号：英语语法学习)
本文已获转载授权，版权归作者所有，如需转载，请联系原微信公众号“英语语法学习”。