英文语法大全
我们来看看动词的英语语法，来学习一下巧用动词的方法。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的英文语法讲解，供大家参阅!
英文语法讲解：动词的不定式
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语，其形式如下：
(1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请)
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)
I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)
He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)
在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
(2)时态
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
一般在情绪后加to do to do 也表将来
编辑本段疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如：
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接宾语)
④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)
以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…how I
could learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
语法功能一、作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)把不定式置于句首。如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
①It+be+名词+to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an h
It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.
④It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
(3)举例
(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：(1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
(2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
(3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(错)It is to believe to see.
英文语法讲解：动名词与不定式的区别
1) 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2) 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1 stop to do stop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to do mean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
英文语法讲解：延续性动词和非延续性动词
英语动词按其动作发生的方式以及动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1. 延续性动词
也有人叫它持续性动词，它表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以长时间延续下去或产生持久的影响。英语中的延续性动词比较多，如study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
He worked all day in the fields. 他在地里干了一天。
I waited for you for an hour. 我等你等了一个钟头。
He stayed in London for over a month. 他在伦敦待了一个多月。
He watched them eating. 他瞧着他们吃饭。
2. 非延续性动词
非延续性动词，也有人叫它终止性动词、短暂性动词、瞬间动词，它表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。这类动词常见的有begin, buy, close, come, die, fail, find, finish, go, join, kill, leave, lend, lose, sell, start, stop, borrow等。如：
They reached the village in the afternoon. 下午他们抵达那个村子。
I haven't finished the work yet. 这项工作我还没有干完。
She stood up and left the room. 她站起身走出房去。
3. 与完成时连用
有的人认为非延续性动词不能与现在完成时连用，你也这样认为吗?错了!其实这是一种误解。事实上，无论是延续性动词还是非延续性动词，它们都可以与现在完成时连用。如：
He has lived here for ten 10 years. 他在这里住了10年了。
He has just arrived. 他刚刚到达。
上面两句的谓语都用了现在完成时，但第一句中的动词live是延续性动词，而第二句中的动词arrive为非延续性动词。两者真正不同的是，延续动词根据需要可以连用一段时间，而非延续性动词通常不能连用一段时间，所以第一句中的live可以连用一段时间for ten years，第二句中的arrive则不可以连用类似for ten years这样的一段时间。
4. 非延续性动词的如何变为延续性动词
非延续性动词由于它所表示的动作只在瞬间完成，不能延续，所以它不能与一段时间连用，若在实际语境中需要连用一段时间，则应改为与之同义的延续性动词。如：
begin / start→be on die→be dead come / go→be in
borrow→keep finish→be over leave→be away
buy→have get to know→know join→be in / be a member of
请看下面的例句子：
运动会已经开了三天了。
误：The sports meeting has begun for three days.
正：The sports meeting has been on for three days.
他入党10年了。
误：He has joined the Party for 10 years.
正：He has been in the Party for 10 years.
正：He has been a Party member for 10 years.
他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
5. 在否定句中的用法
非延续性动词不能与一段时间连用，这通常只限于肯定句，在否定句中则没有这样的限制——因为所有的非延续性动词一旦被否定，就成了一种状态，而所有的状态都是可以持续的。如leave(离开)是非延续性动词，而not leave(没有离开)则是一种状态，因为“没有离开”其实就是“呆在原处”，相当于still stay there之类的意思，所以它是延续了。如：
误：He has left here for three years. 他离开这儿有三年了。
正：He hasn't left here for three years. 他已有三年没离开这儿了。
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