2017英语语法专题
2017英语语法专题
2017奶奶有哪些英语语法,是你在考试前老师重点抢到的?下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的2017英语语法专题,供大家参阅!
2017英语语法专题:数词
1.数词概述:表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。
2.数词的种类:可以分为两种: 基数词:表示数目多少的数词。序数词:表示先后顺序的数词。
3.基数词的写法和用法
1)1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
2)13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:14—fourteen,但13,15,18较特殊,13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。
3)20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:60—sixty,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊, 20—twenty 30—thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 80—eighty。
4) 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。
5) 百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加“and”,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight , 406—four hundred and six。
6) hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。
7) .百(hundred),千(thousand),百万(million)等词与介词of连用的时侯,用复数形式,表不确定数目,其前面不可与数字连用
8).表示“几十”的数词,复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代。
如: He is in his forties. 他四十多岁。
This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在二十世纪三十年代。
9).基数词可与其他词构成形容词。
如: Can you say something about your two-month holiday? ?(two和month之间有连字符时,month用单数)
4. 序数词的写法和用法
1).基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记:“一、二、三,特殊记,八去“t ”,九去“e”,“ve”要用“f”替,见“y”变成“i”和“e”,词尾加上“th”,若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。”
变法如下:first,second,third,eight—eighth nine—ninth,five—fifth,twelve—twelfth,twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth,twenty-five—twenty-fifth。
其余情况均在基数词后加th。如: six—sixth, nineteen—nineteenth , hundred— hundredth, thousand—thousandth等。
2). 序数词前常用定冠词the, 表“顺序”。但如果序数词不表示顺序,而表示“又一个,另一个”时,则不能用the, 要用a. 如:Try it a second time. 再试一下。
5. 序数词表示“名次”时,不用定冠词。
He was first. 他得了第一名。
Who was first? Who was second?谁是第一名?谁是第二名?
注意:
1.分数的读法:分子必须用基数词,分母用序数词。分子如果大于1,分母须用复数形式。先读分子,再读分母。分子为one时可换用a. 如:
In our class, about a third can speak English well.
Two thirds 三分之二。
2.1/2读作“a(或one)half(而不是a second “一秒钟”),1/4既可读作“a(或one)quarter”又可读作 “a(或one)fourth”.
3/4:Three quarters
3.小数的读法:小数点的前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同;小数点读作point,小数点后只须将数字一一读出。
15.67 读作: fifteen point six seven
4. 百分数的读法:先读基数词,再读百分号 “%”(读作percent).
5% 读作: five percent.
5.年代的读法为“两位,两位”地读。整百的后读hundred,整千的后读thousand, 前常加 the year. 如:
1937读作nineteen thirty-seven 或:nineteen hundred and thirty-seven
2000 年 读作 the year two thousand
December the first, nineteen ninety-four 一九九四年十二月一日
2017英语语法专题:连词
1.连词概述:连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词,短语或句子,但不单独做句子成分。按照连词的性质,可将连词分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词如:and,but,or,for等,它们即可连接单词,短语,又可连接句子。从属连词如:when,before ,because等,它们主要引导名词性从句。
2.常见连词的用法:
1)并列连词 的用法: 并列连词有:and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, still,
And: 连接单词短语句子 。如:Tom and I study in the same school.
But, or :I have a pen but no pencil. / Would you like coffee or tea?
Nothing but除了,只有: I did nothing but watch it.
Or表示否则:如: Hurry up or you will miss the train.
for 表示后面的句子是原因。如: He is good at piano for he practices harder than others.
Not only…but also 不仅…而且。可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子。主语并列时,谓语要就近一致。如: Not only he but also I am a nurse.
As well as 以及,同样。并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时,动词要随前面的主语变化 .如:He works as well as he can
Either…or 既…又…,或…或…,并列主、谓、宾、表及状语 ,如:Either come in or go out.
Neither…nor 既不…也不, 并列主、谓、宾、表、状语,并列主语时,谓语就近一致。如:Neither you nor he is lazy.
Both…and 和,既…也,并列主、谓、宾及表语。I can speak both English and French.
nor 也不,引导句子要倒装 。如:He can not play the piano, nor can I.
so 因此,所以,不和because连用。如:You like swimming, so do I.
1) 从属连词的用法: 从属连词有:after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, because, than, that, whether, so that
after 表示“时间”,在…之后。如:After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.
Although/though 表示让步, “尽管”。如: Although she is young, she knows a lot.
as 表示时间,“当…时”,方式“象…”,原因,“由于、因为”让步,“尽管、虽然” 。如: As it was rainy, we couldn’t go out now.
As if/as though 表方式,“似乎、好像” 。如: He told us such a story as though he had been there before.
As long as/so long as 表条件,“只要” 。如: As long as I am here, I’ll go to help you.
As soon as 表时间,“一…就…”。如: I will call you as soon as I come back.
because 表原因,“因为”。如: I have to practice more because I am not good at English.
before 表时间,“在…之前’’ 。如: You should think more before you do it.
Even if/ even though 表让步,“即使”。如: You should try again even if you failed.
Hardly…when 表时间,“(刚)一…就”。如: Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.
if “假如”,引导条件状语从句。如: We will stay at home if the rain doesn’t stop.
“是否”,引导宾语从句。如; I don’t know if he goes shopping.
In order that 表目的,“为了,以便”。如: We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.
No matter +疑问词 表让步,“无论,不管”。如: No matter what you do, you should try your best.
No sooner…than 表时间,“刚一…就…”。如: No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.
once 表时间,“一旦…”。如: Once you read this book, you’ll never forget it.
since 表时间,“自从…以来”.如: He has been in this city since he left school.
表原因,“既然,由于” 。如: Since the job is dangerous, let’s do it more carefully.
so far as/as far as 表条件,“就…而言,就…而论”.如:As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English.
So that 表目的,“以便” 。如: Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.
So…that 表结果“如此,以致”。如: He got up so early that he caught the early bus.
than 表示比较,“比” 。如: Things were worse than we thought.
unless 表条件,“除非,如果不” 。如: You will fail in the test unless you study hard.
Until/till 表时间,“直到…为止” 。如: I’ll wait till my mother comes back.
when 表时间,“当…时’’。如: When they got there, the train has left.
whether “是否”引导名词性从句 。如: Whether he can come to see us is unknown.
表让步,“不管/无论、是否”。如:Whether she is rich or poor, she is always happy.
while 表时间,“当…时” 。如: While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall.
whenever 表时间,“无论什么时候”。如: Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once.
2017英语语法专题:冠词
1. 冠词概述:冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。
2. 冠词的种类:英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词,另一种是不定冠词,还有一种是零冠词。
3. 不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是'一个'的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。
1) 表示'一个',意为one;
2) 代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is a doctor.
3) 词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on /
4. 定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有'那(这)个'的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。它有以下意义:
1)特指双方都明白的人或物:定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有'那(这)个'的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the umbrella. 带上伞。
2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a book. I've read the book.
他买了一本书。我看过那本书。
3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 活着的人。
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。
That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
6)用在表示身体部位的名词前: She caught me by the hand. 她抓住了我手。
7)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国
8)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
9) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
10) 用在惯用语中:
in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, by the way, go to the theatre
5.零冠词的用法
1) 国名,人名前通常不用冠词:England,Mary;
2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词; They are teachers.
3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词; Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
2)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
3)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词
4) 当by 与火车等交通工具连用中间无冠词;by bus,by train;
5)有些个体名词不用冠词;如: school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class, town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义,
如:go to hospital 去医院看病
go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
6)不用冠词的序数词;
a. 序数词前有物主代词
b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last
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