高一英语语法
高一英语语法
高一的英语语法包含了简单的5种基本句型，也是我们在英语写作中时常会用到的句型。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高一英语语法的相关知识，供大家参阅!
高一英语语法：句子成分
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become mo re and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Sm oking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The ri ch should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
(四)表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类：(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)，例如：They elected him their monitor.[来源:学。科。网]
(六)宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语) He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
简单句有五种基本句型，其它各种句子基本上皆由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成。
1、“主语+谓语” 句型，可简称为主谓结构，谓语是不及物动词。如：
(1)The sun is rising. 太阳正在冉冉升起。
(2)Now, the meeting begins.现在会议开始。
2、“主语+连系动词+表语“句型，如：
(1)He and I are pretty good swimmers. 他和我都游泳游得不错。
(2)The doctors seemed very capable. 这些大夫好像都很能干。
3)“主语+谓语+宾语” 句型可简称为主、谓、宾结构(SVO)，其谓语一般皆是及物动词，其宾语多是直接宾语。如：
(1)Robbie didn’t deny the facts. 罗比不否认这些事实。
(2)She heard whisperings. 她听到了一阵沙沙声。
4)“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语” 句型可简称为主谓宾宾结构(SVOO)，其谓语须是可有双宾语的及物动词，即所谓的与格动词(dative verb)，两个宾语多一是间接宾语，一是直接宾语。如：
(1)We gave the baby a bath. 我们给婴孩洗了个澡。
(2)Judith paid me a visit. 朱迪思来看望了我。
5)“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语” 句型可简称为主、谓、宾、宾补结构(SVOC)，其谓语须是可有这种复合宾语的及物动词，宾语补语与宾语一起构成复合宾语。如：
(1)I found this book easy. 我发现此书不难。(形容词easy用作宾语补语)
(2)They held him hostage. 他们将他扣作人质。(名词hostage用作宾语补语)
(3)He watched the maid come in. 他看着女佣人进来了。
(4)I heard him coming up the stairs slowly, as if he were carrying something heavy. 我听见他慢慢上楼来，好像扛着什么重的东西。
高一英语语法：定语从句
一.几个基本概念
1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why
5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】
6.引导词的功能(作用)：
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型：
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. ，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句()。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指
人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
除其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤)
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
3.只能用who, 做宾语时用whom;
指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father. The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful. The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English He went to America, ______ his parents live. teacher. He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.=The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
高一英语语法：并列复合句
并列复合句是由两个或多个简单句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。这种句子容量大，可以为你提供更大的自由表达度。
并列复合句常用的连接词由and, but, for, so, or, nor等并列连词，如：
(1)They were happy and they deserved their happiness. 他们是幸福的，他们也该得到幸福。(并列连词是and)
(2)The signal was given, and the steamer moved slowly from the dock.
信号发出了，轮船缓缓驶出码头。(并列连词是and，前有逗号)
(3)Hurry or you won’t make the train. 赶快，不然你赶不上火车。(并列连词是or)
(4)Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. 蜜是甜的，但蜜蜂却会蜇人。(并列连词是but) 两个或两个以上的简单句的关系如不很紧密，并列连词可引导单独一个句子。如：
(5)You’re alive! And she’s dead. 你活着!而她却死了。(并列连词and引导单独句子)
(6)I’m sorry to trouble you. But can you direct me to the nearest post office?
对不起打扰一下。你可以告诉我最近的邮局在哪儿吗?(并列连词but引导单独句子) 并列句的分句亦可用连接副词连接。如：
(7)I had a drink, then I went home. 我喝了杯酒，然后回到了家。(连接副词是then)
(8)It rained, therefore the game was called off.
由于有雨，因而那场球赛取消了。(连接副词是therefore)
(9)He was angry, nevertheless he listened to me. 他生气了，但听我的话。(连接副词是nevertheless)
(10)I want to go to the party—however, I have no transport.
我想去参加聚会，但我没有交通工具。(连接副词是however)
(11)I have only an old car; still it is better than nothing.
我只有一辆旧车，但也比没有好。(连接副词是still)
(12)I am busy today, so can you come tomorrow? 我今日很忙，那你能明天来吗?(连接副词是so)
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