医学英语文章带翻译
医学英语文章带翻译
当今社会中,不断更新的科技给我们的生活带来了更大便利,但是日理万机的工作和生活的压力也给我们带来很多的健康问题。下面是学习啦小编带来的医学英语文章带翻译，欢迎阅读!
医学英语文章带翻译1
椎间盘突出
Unit 2 Text A Herniated Disc (Disc Herniation of the Spine)
第二单元 主题A 椎间盘突出症
Many patients with back pain, leg pain, or weakness of the lower extremity muscles arediagnosed with a herniated disc.
许多患腰腿疼痛，下肢肌端乏力的病患均为椎间盘突出症。
When a disc herniation occurs, the cushion that sits between the spinal vertebra is pushedoutside its normal position.
椎间盘突出发生时，脊柱间的缓冲带将发生侧突。
A hrniated disc would not be a problem if it weren't for the spinal nerves that are very close tothe edge of these spinal discs.
如果脊神经不是离椎间盘特别近的话，椎间盘突出就不是什么大问题了。
HOW ARE THE SPINE AND ITS DISCS DESIGNED?
脊柱与椎间盘
The vertebras are the bony building blocks of the spine.
脊椎是建造脊柱的构件。
Between each of the largest parts (bodies) of the vertebrae are the discs.
各椎骨之间为椎间盘。
Ligaments are situated around the spine and discs.
脊椎和椎间盘周围散布着韧带。
The spine has seven vertebrae in the neck (cervical vertebrae), 12 vertebrae in the mid-back(thoracic vertebrae) , and five vertebrae in the low back (lumbar vertebrae).
颈部有7条椎骨，胸部为12条，腰部有5条。
In addition, in the mid-buttock, beneath the fifth lumbar vertebra, is the sacrum, followed bythe tailbone (coccyx)
此外，在臀部中央，第五条腰椎下面为荐骨，再往下是尾骨。
The bony spine is designed so that vertebrae "stacke" together can provide a movable supportstructure while also protecting the spinal cord ( nervous tissue that extends down the spinalcolumn from the brain) from injury.
椎骨之间“层层叠加”，支撑身体移动构架，并保护脊髓(大脑神经组织在脊柱的延伸)。
Each vertebra has a spinous process, which is a bony prominence behind the spinal cord thatshields the cord s nerve tissue.
每个椎体都有一个棘突，即位于脊髓后方、保护脊髓神经组织的骨性突起。
The vertebrae also have a strong bony "body" in front of the spinal cord to provide a platformsuitable for weight-bearing.
脊髓外部为椎骨，椎骨是人体的负重部位。
The discs are pads that serve as "cushions" between the vertebral bodies that serve tominimize the impact of movement on the spinal column.
椎间盘充当各椎体间的“衬垫”，椎体的作用是承受负重，将脊柱压力减到最小。
Each disc is designed like a jelly donut with a central softer component ( nucleus pulposus).
椎间盘就像果冻甜甜圈，中间为软组织髓核。
Ligaments are strong fibrous soft tissues that firmly attach bones to bones.
韧带由极具弹性的纤维软组织组成，连接骨与骨。
Ligaments attach each of the vertebrae and surround each of the discs.
韧带与每条椎骨相连，并附着在椎间盘周围。
When ligaments are injured as the disc degenerates, localized pain in the area affected canresult.
随着椎间盘退行性变，韧带损伤，疼痛在所难免。
WHAT IS THE SPINAL DISC?
什么是椎间盘
The spinal disc is a soft cushion that sits between each vertebra of the spine.
各椎体之间存在着充当“缓冲垫”的椎间盘。
This spinal disc becomes more rigid with age.
随着年龄增长，椎间盘出现僵化。
In a young individual, the disc is soft and elastic, but like so many other structures in the body,the disc gradually looses its elasticity and is more vulnerable to injury.
对于年轻人而言，椎间盘柔软既富弹性，像其它部位一样，椎间盘也会逐渐失去弹性，受伤风险增加。
In fact, even in individuals as young as 30, MRIs show evidence of disc deterioration in about30% of people.
事实上，根据核磁共振显示，像30岁年轻人，椎间盘的退行性变比例达30%。
医学英语文章带翻译2
蟑螂奶未来或成为超级食品
An international team of scientists has just sequenced a protein crystal located in the midgut of cockroaches. The reason?
最近，一个国际科学家团队确定了蟑螂中肠内的蛋白质晶体的结构序列。为什么要研究这个?
It’s more than four times as nutritious as cow’s milk and, the researchers think it could be the key to feeding our growing population in the future.
因为它的营养价值是牛奶的四倍多。研究人员认为在人口不断增长的将来，蟑螂奶可以成为人类的重要食物。
Although most cockroaches don’t actually produce milk, Diploptera punctate, which is the only known cockroach to give birth to live young, has been shown to pump out a type of ‘milk’ containing protein crystals to feed its babies.
尽管大多数蟑螂自身并不产奶，但有一种斑点折翅类蟑螂，是目前已知的唯一一种胎生蟑螂，它会分泌出一种含有蛋白质晶体的“奶”来喂养下一代。
The fact that an insect produces milk is pretty fascinating – but what fascinated researchers is the fact that a single one of these protein crystals contains more than three times the amount of energy found in an equivalent amount of buffalo milk (which is also higher in calories then dairy milk).
昆虫产奶这一事实本身已十分有趣，但更让研究者感兴趣的是一份蛋白质晶体中所含的能量是相同重量的水牛奶的三倍(所含热量也比相同重量的牛奶多)。
Clearly milking a cockroach isn’t the most feasible option, so an international team of scientists headed by researchers from the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in India decided to sequence the genes responsible for producing the milk protein crystals to see if they could somehow replicate them in the lab.
显然，要像挤牛奶一样挤蟑螂的“奶”并不是个切实可行的方法，所以这个国际科学家团队就决定测定控制产生蛋白质晶体的基因序列，尝试在实验室内复制这组基因。该团队的领头人是印度干细胞生物学和再生医学研究院的研究人员。
"The crystals are like a complete food - they have proteins, fats and sugars. If you look into the protein sequences, they have all the essential amino acids," said Sanchari Banerjee, one of the team, in an interview with the Times of India.
其中一名队员桑贾利·班纳吉在《印度时报》的采访中说道：“这些晶体就像完整的食物，有蛋白质、脂肪还有糖分。如果你仔细研究蛋白质序列，还会发现它们含有一切必不可少的氨基酸。”
Not only is the milk a dense source of calories and nutrients, it’s also time released. As the protein in the milk is digested, the crystal releases more protein at an equivalent rate to continue the digestion.
蟑螂奶不仅富含热量和营养物质，同时也具有时间控释性的。当奶中的蛋白质被消化，晶体会相应地释放出等量的蛋白质来继续被消化。
"It’s time-released food," said Subramanian Ramaswamy, who led the project. "if you need food that is calorifically high, that is time released and food that is complete. This is it."
研究负责人萨布拉马年·拉马斯瓦米说：“这是时间控释性的食物。如果你需要高热量、具有时间控释性并且营养全面的食物，那么非它莫属了。”
It’s important to point out that this dense protein source is definitely never going to be for those trying to lose weight, and probably isn’t even required for most western diets, where we are already eating too many calories per day.
需要指出的是，这种高蛋白质的食物并不适合想要减肥的人，也不适合大多数西方人的饮食，因为西方人每天已经摄入了太多的卡路里。
But for those who struggle to get the amount of calories required per day, this could be a quick and easy way to get calories and nutrients.
但是对于那些每天努力要获得足够热量的人来说，这将是他们获取热量和营养快捷而简单的方式。
"They're very stable. They can be a fantastic protein supplement," said Ramaswamy.
拉马斯瓦米说：“它们十分稳定，将会是极好的蛋白质补充物。”
Now the researchers have the sequence, they are hoping to get yeast to produce the crystal in much larger quantities- making it slightly more efficient (and less gross) than extracting crystals from cockroach’s guts.
目前科学家们已经测定出了结构序列，他们希望用酵母大量生产这种蛋白质晶体，相比直接从蟑螂肠中获取能更有效率一点，也比较不会令人恶心。
医学英语文章带翻译3
“超级基因”将使人类不再患病
The study of nearly 600,000 people found 13 who should have developed debilitating diseases, but did not.
在这项基于60万人的医学研究中，科学家发现有13人本应该患有衰弱性疾病，但是却并没有任何迹象显示他们曾有过类似病史。
The hope is discovering what, against the odds, keeps them healthy and if that could lead to new therapies.
鉴于这样有这样的情况存在，科学家们希望弄明白到底是什么原因使得他们能够保持健康，并且研究是否有可能因此开发出新的治疗手段。
Experts said the approach, published in Nature Biotechnology, was "fascinating" but that it was still early days.
专家表示，《自然生物技术》上发表的这种研究方法非常“令人着迷”，但就目前的研究成果来说，下结论还为时尚早。
Errors in our code of life - our DNA - can cause disease.
如果我们的生命代码DNA出错了的话，我们就会得病。
Large numbers of studies have tried to understand these mutations by looking at people who become ill.
许多研究都希望通过观察病人来试图了解基因突变。
But the international team of researchers tried the opposite approach - searching for people harbouring damaging mutations but who remain healthy.
但这支由各国科学家组成的团队却另辟蹊径。他们研究那些本该因为严重基因突变而患病，但是却仍然健康的人。
"Millions of years of evolution have produced far more protective mechanisms than we currently understand," said Dr Eric Schadt from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York.
纽约西奈山医院伊坎医学院的Eric Schadt博士说：“数百万年的进化使得人类的身体拥有了许多保护机制，而我们目前对此还知之甚少。”
He added: "Most genomic studies focus on finding the cause of a disease, but we see tremendous opportunity in figuring out what keeps people healthy."
他还说道：“大多数基因组学的研究都致力于寻找致病原因，但我们却另辟蹊径找到了另外一个具有重要意义的研究方向--即探究到底是什么原因使得人类能够保持健康。”
The researchers scoured DNA databases containing information on 589,306 people.
这项研究的数据来源于一个拥有589306个样本的DNA信息数据库。
They found 13 healthy people who should have developed one of eight genetic diseases: cystic fibrosis, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, familial dysautonomia, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Pfeiffer syndrome, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome, acampomelic campomelic dysplasia and atelosteogenesis.
科学家们发现样本中有13个人虽然健康，但从DNA信息来看，他们本应该患有遗传病。从基因信息来看，他们曾经有可能患上8种不同的遗传病，包括囊性纤维化、史密斯-雷凌-奥匹兹综合征、家族性自主神经功能异常、单纯型大疱性表皮松解、斐弗综合征、自身免疫性多内分泌腺病综合征、躯干发育异常症和骨发育不全症。
The report said the diseases were so severe that it was "highly unlikely that such an individual would have manifested the disease without it being clearly annotated in their health records".
研究报告称这些疾病是如此的严重以至于“完全没有病人患上此类疾病而没有在健康记录上清楚地记载的可能性。”
Prof Stephen Friend, from the Icahn School of Medicine, said: "Finding these individuals is a starting point to searching for the other changes, eg in the genome, that might give us clues to develop therapies.
来自伊坎医学院的史蒂芬·佛伦德教师说道：“这些个体案例的发现为我们指出了另外一个研究方向，我们开始对诸如基因组等对象进行研究，希望发现使得他们保持健康的原因。并且探寻是否有可能据此开发出新的治疗手段。”
"Study the healthy, don’t just study the sick."
“我们应该研究人们保持健康的原因，而不仅仅执着于寻找到底是什么原因使人得病。”
However, this is where the tantalising story ends. The scientists were unable to go out and find the lucky 13 because of the consent rules signed when their DNA sample was taken.
但这项前景无限的研究却无法再进行下去了。科学家们无法找出那13名幸运的人，因为他们在捐献DNA信息的时候曾签署保密协议，数据库不得泄露捐献人的个人信息。
It means they do not know what is protecting them against disease.
这意味着无法弄清楚到底是什么原因使得他们能够保持健康。
It also leaves the team unable to prove that errors in testing, bad record keeping or mosaicism - in which the genetic defect affects only some cells in the body - are not behind their findings.
同时，这也使得这项研究无法在逻辑上成立。因为科学家们无法证明他们的研究结果是否是因为错误或者不当保存的DNA信息，又或者仅仅是因为遗传缺陷只对部分细胞起作用的“嵌合现象。”
"Because of the inability to confirm the source or validity of the variants and the inability to recontact the individuals, this paper does not constitute a proof of principle," Dr Ada Hamosh, from Johns Hopkins University, argued.
来自约翰霍普斯金大学的艾达·哈米什教授说道：“由于这项研究不能确认数据的来源或者基因突变样本的有效性，同时也不能和数据样本再联系以进行后续研究，所以这篇论文在理论证明上缺少证据。”
And while Dr Scott Hebbring, from the University of Wisconsin, described the study as "fascinating" he also cautioned that diseases can present very differently even between patients that have same mutations.
而对来自威士康星大学的斯科特教授来说，尽管这项研究非常“令人着迷”，但他也强调到，即使是具有相同基因突变的病人，他们的病发症状也可能会显著不同。
Some may have few symptoms at all.
有些人可能根本不会显现出任何症状。