培根哲理散文双语阅读

　　弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树，在自然科学领域里，也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年，以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目，它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈，其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面学习啦小编为大家带来培根哲理散文双语阅读，希望大家喜欢!

　　培根哲理散文双语阅读：论消费

　　Riches are for spending; and spending for honour and good actions. Therefore extraordinary expense must be limited by the worth of the occasion: for voluntary undoing may be as well for a man\'s country as for the kingdom of heaven. But ordinary expense ought to be limited by a man\'s estate; and governed with such regard, as it be within his compass; and not subject to deceit and abuse of servants; and ordered to the best show, that the bills may be less than the estimation abroad.

　　财富底用处是消费，而消费底目的是为了光荣或善举。因此特别的消费当以其原因之价值为度;盖为了国家，和为了天国一样，也可以自甘贫乏的。但是普通的消费则当以一个人底财产为度;并且要管理得宜，务使消费不要超出收入;并且要勿受仆役底欺骗;还得观瞻极佳，务使实付之款比外人底估计为少。

　　Certainly, if a man will keep but of even hand, his ordinary expenses ought to be but to the half of his receipts; and if he think to wax rich, but to the third part.

　　无疑地，假如一个人仅仅要出入相当，不至贫乏的话，他日常的支出也应当仅及他底收入底一半;若是他要变为富有的话，那他底支出就应当只有收入底三分之一。

　　It is no baseness, for the greatest, to descend and look into their own estate. Some forbear it, not upon negligence alone, but doubting to bring themselves into melancholy, in respect they shall find it broken. But wounds cannot be cured without searching. He that cannot look into his own estate at all, had need both choose well, those whom he employeth, and change them often: for new are more timorous, and less subtle. He that can look into his estate but seldom, it behoveth him to turn all to certainties. A man had need, if he be plentiful in some kind of expense, to be as saving again, in some other. As if he be plentiful in diet, to be saving in apparel: if he be plentiful in the hall, to be saving in the stable: and the like. For he that is plentiful in expenses of all kinds, will hardly be preserved from decay. In clearing of a man\'s estate, he may as well hurt himself in being too sudden, as in letting it run on too long. For hasty selling is commonly as disadvantageable as interest

　　即是很大的人物而躬自检点自己底财产也不算是一件自卑自贱的行为。有些人不肯如此做，其原因不仅是大意，也有因为恐怕检点底结果发现自己已经破产而生烦恼者。但是如果身体上有了创伤，不检验是不会好的。那完全不会检点自己底财产的人务须要用人得当，还得常常换他们;因为新用的人比较胆小而计谋少一点。那不能常常检点他底财产的人应当把出入底一切数目都规定了。一个人如果在某一项上消费多，则他必须要在别的一项上节省。例如他在吃喝上爱花钱，那末他就应当在衣着上节省;要是他在住屋上爱花钱，他就应当在马厩上节省，皆是也。因为那在每一项上都是花钱很多的人是难免堕入逆境的。一个人在清偿债务的时候，如果过于求速，一举还清，也会和久欠不还一样地有害的。因为急于求售和多欠利息是一样地不利也

　　Besides, he that clears at once, will relapse; for finding himself out of straits, he will revert to his customs: but he that cleareth by degrees, induceth a habit of frugality, and gained as well upon his mind, as upon his estate.

　　再者，一举而还清了债务的人是会又走入借债的路上去的：因为他一旦忽然发现自己没有债务底困难的时候，就会故态复萌的：但那一点一点地还清债务的人借此可以学会一种节俭的习惯，他底心理和他底财产将同受其益。

　　Certainly, who hath a state to repair, may not despise small things: and commonly, it is less dishonourable to abridge petty charges than to stoop to petty gettings. A man ought warily to begin charges, which once begun will continue: but in matters that return not, he may be more magnificent.

　　有财产需要补救的人是不能轻视小节的，这是一定的;并且，就一般而言，与其卑躬屈节以求小利还不如减少零星的花费较为得体。一个人底经济担负如果是一起始就要长久继续下去的，那他就要很小心，不可冒然担承：但是在那些只有一次没有下次的消费上，则不妨较为大方一点。

　　培根哲理散文双语阅读：论养生

　　There is a wisdom in this, beyond the rules of physic: a man\'s own observation, what he finds good of, and what he finds hurt of, is the best physic to preserve health.

　　养生有道，非医学底规律所能尽。一个人自己底观察，他对于何者有益何者有害于自己的知识，乃是最好的保健药品。

　　But it is a safer conclusion to say; this agreeth not well with me, therefore I will not continue it; than this; I fmd no offence of this, therefore I may use it. For strength of nature in youth passeth over many excesses, which are owing a man till his age. Discern of the coming on of years, and think not, to do the same things still; for age will not be defied. Beware of sudden change in any great point of diet, and if necessity enforce it, fit the rest to it. For it is a secret, both in nature, and state; that it is safer to change many things, than one. Examine thy customs, of diet, sleep, exercise, apparel, and the like; and try in anything thou shall judge hurtful, to discontinue it by little and little; but so, as if thou doest fmd any inconvenience by the change, thou come back to it again: for it is hard to distinguish, that which is generally held good, and wholesome, from that, which is good particularly, and fit for thine own body.

　　但是在下断语的时候，如果说：“这个与我底身体不合，因此我要戒它”，比说：“这个好象于我没有什么害处，因此我要用它”较为安全得多。因为少壮时代底天赋的强力可以忍受许多纵欲的行为，而这些行为是等于记在账上，到了老年的时候，是要还的。留心你底年岁底增加，不要永远想做同一的事情，因为年岁是不受蔑视的。在饮食底重要部分上不可骤然变更，如果不得已而变更的话，则别的部分也须要变更，以便配合得宜。因为在自然的事体和国家的事务上都有一种秘诀，就是变一事不如变多事的安全。把你平日饮食、睡眠、运动、衣服、等等的习惯自省一下，并且把其中你认为有害的习惯试行逐渐戒绝，但是其办法应当这样，如果你由这种变更而感觉不适的时候，就应当回到原来的习惯去;因为把一般认为有益卫生的习惯和于个人有益，于你自己底身体适合的习惯分别起来是不容易的。

　　To be free minded, and cheerfully disposed, at hours of meat, and of sleep, and of exercise, is one of the best precepts of long lasting. As for the passions and studies of the mind; avoid envy; anxious fears; anger fretting inwards; subtle and knotty inquisitions; joys, and exhilarations in excess; sadness not communicated. Entertain hopes; mirth rather than joy; variety of delights, rather than surfeit of them; wonder, and admiration, and therefore novelties; studies that fill the mind with splendid and illustrious objects, as histories, fables, and contemplations of nature. If you fly physic in health altogether, it will be too strange for your body, when you shall need it If you make it too familiar, it will work no extraordinary effect, when sickness cometh. I commend rather some diet, for certain seasons, than frequent use of physic, except it be grown into a custom.

　　在吃饭、睡觉、运动的时候，心中坦然，精神愉快，乃是长寿底最好秘诀之一。至于心中的情感及思想，则应避嫉妒，焦虑，压在心里的怒气，奥秘难解的研究，过度的欢乐，暗藏的悲哀。应当长存着的是希望，愉快，而非狂欢;变换不同的乐事，而非过餍的乐事;好奇与仰慕，以保有新鲜的情趣;以光辉灿烂的事物充满人心的学问，如历史、寓言、自然研究皆是也。如果你在健康的时候完全摒弃医药，则到了你需要它的时候将感觉医药对于你底身体过于生疏不惯。如果你平日过于惯用医药，则疾病来时，医药将不生奇效。窃以为与其常服药饵，不如按季节变更食物，除非服药已经成了一种习惯

　　For those diets alter the body more, and trouble it less. Despise no new accident in your body, but ask opinion of it In sickness, respect health principally; and in health, action.

　　因为那些不同的食物是可以变更体气而不扰乱它的。对于身体上任何新的症候都不可小视，须要向人求教。

　　For those that put their bodies to endure in health, may in most sickness, which are not very sharp, be cured only with diet, and tendering. Celsus could never have spoken it as a physician, had he not been a wise man withal, when he giveth it, for one of the great precepts of health and lasting, that a man do vary, and interchange contraries; but with an inclination to the more benign extreme: use fasting, and full eating, but rather full eating; watching and sleep, but rather sleep;sitting, and exercise, but rather exercise; and the like.

　　在病中，主要的是注意健康;在健康的时候，主要的是注意活动。因为那平日使自己底身体习于劳动的人在大多数不很厉害的疾病中只要节饮食，多调养，就可以好了。塞尔撒斯教人养生长寿之道，最要的一端就是一个人应当把各种相反的习惯都变换着练习练习，但是在轻重之间却应当稍重那有益于人的一端;禁食与饱食都应当练习，但是宁可稍重饱食;警醒与睡眠都应当练习，但是宁可偏尚睡眼;安坐与运动都应当练习，但是宁可着重运动;诸如此类

　　So shall nature be cherished, and yet taught masteries. Physicians are some of them so pleasing, and conformable to the humour of the patient, as they press not the true cure of the disease; and some other are so regular, in proceeding according to art, for the disease, as they respect not sufficiently the condition of the patient Take one of a middle temper, or if it may not be found in one man, combine two of either sort: and forget not to call, as well the best acquainted with your body, as the best reputed of for his faculty.

　　塞尔撒斯要不是一位医生而兼哲人的话，专以医生底身分他是永不会说出这种话来的。如他所说的办法，将使天生的体质既可以得滋养又可以增力量也。医生之中有些是对于病人底脾气很纵容迁就的，以致不能迅收治疗之效;又有些人则是照治病底学理行事，十分谨严，以致对于病者底实情不充分注重。选择医生的时候顶好请一位性情适中的;或者，如果一个人没有这样的性情的时候，则在两种人里各取其一而调和之。又在请医生的时候，固然要请那出名的好医生，也不可忘了请那个最熟悉你底体格的医生也。