关于狗的英语美文阅读
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关于狗的英语美文篇一
狗狗能识别人的情绪
So you think you know your dog. But how well does your dog know you? She probably recognizes you when she sees you. But can a dog tell by simply looking at you whether you have a happy or an angry expression on your face? Researchers in Austria have taught pet dogs to know the difference.
Dogs are very mindful of sound. When dog owners shout or speak in a strong, harsh voice, dogs often act guilty and quietly move away from the area.
Recently, researchers found that dogs can look at our faces, and tell the difference between a smile and a frown. The animals were able to recognize a look of approval from one of disapproval.
Researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna performed a series of experiments. They taught dogs to recognize facial expressions. They showed the dogs two pictures of either the upper or lower half of a person's face. On one picture, the person looked happy. The other appeared angry.
The dogs were then shown images of the eyes or mouths of people they had never seen before. They were also shown the left half of the faces used in training.
Corsin Muller led the study.
"We were essentially speaking, do they realize that smiling eyes have the same meaning as a smiling mouth, or angry eyes have the same meaning as an angry mouth? And it turned out that they really did perform very well in these probe trials. Once they had learned the initial discrimination, they could spontaneously, immediately choose the correct one also in the probe trials with the normal stimuli."
Once the dogs learned to recognize which image was happy or angry, they could easily identify the same expressions in pictures of any face.
Corsin Muller says future studies will try to show whether dogs can learn the meaning of facial expressions -- for example, whether a frown shows that someone is angry.
"What we can say with our study is that they can discriminate them, that they can tell these ones are different. But what we cannot be sure of at this point is what exact meaning they are associating with these different expressions."
"Seems of course likely that they would associate some positive meaning with the smiley face and they would associate some rather negative meaning with the angry face. But what exactly they are associating with these expressions we cannot know at this point."
In the experiments, researchers found the dogs were slower to link a reward, or prize, with recognition of the angry face. This suggested that dogs had an idea people with angry faces were best avoided.
Corsin Muller says canine investigators are also interested in finding out whether wild wolves can be trained to recognize human facial expressions.
The researchers' findings were published in the journal Current Biology. They provide the first solid evidence that humans are not the only species that can read the body language of another species.
关于狗的英语美文篇二
人类好伙伴 狗狗真能听懂你的话
Dogs have been man’s best friend for thousands of years, a source of companionship andloyalty since the Stone Age.
几千年以来，狗狗都是人类最好的朋友，从石器时代开始就是人类忠诚的陪伴。
Now scientists suspect they have discovered the root of the relationship - a dog really doesunderstand his master’s voice.
如今，科学家们猜测他们找到了友谊的根源——狗狗真的能听懂他的主人在说什么。
Researchers have found that pet dogs process language in a similar way to humans.
研究者发现，宠物狗的语言处理和人类有一定相似度。
They learn to recognise the words that are spoken - the groups of consonantsand vowelsthatmake up spoken commands.
他们会学着去辨认主人的话——这些由一系列辅音和元音组成的口头命令。
But tests suggest they also notice the more subtle aspects of human communication - theemotional tone, intonation and volume changes that influence the meaning of language.
不过试验表示，他们也发现了人类交流上一些微妙的方面——情绪基调、声调和音量会对语言的意思产生影响。
Scientists at Sussex University think this is because dogs process language in the same way aswe do.
苏塞克斯大学的研究者们认为，狗狗的语言在某种意义上和我们是一样的。
They tested the way different aspects of language seemed to go through different parts of thebrain.
他们试验后发现脑中不同的领域似乎掌管不同方面的语言。
Humans have a ‘hemispheric bias’ when it comes to communication, with different aspects oflanguage favouring the left or right side of the brain.
人类在交流时会有“半脑偏见”，不同方面的语言会有左右脑不同分工处理。
The researchers’ tests suggest that dogs process speech in the same way.
研究者的试验发现狗狗们也是如此。
A group of 25 dogs were placed between two speakers playing recorded commands - such as‘come on then’.
25只狗被放养在两个发出命令的人身边——比如发出“过来”这样的命令。
When the command was delivered in a flat, emotionless tone, the dogs turned right,suggesting the animals were concentrating on the words, not the intonation.
当命令以一种平的，不带感情的语调说出来时，狗狗马上向右转，这说明动物对词语有反应，而不纠结于声调上。
But when the commands exaggerated intonation or emotion, the animals turned left.
不过当放大了声调和情绪时，狗狗向左转了。
The results suggest that like us, dogs process different aspects of human speech in differentparts of the brain, perhaps indicating why they can be trained to follow people.
结果显示，和我们一样，狗狗脑中不同的区域掌管不同的语言，这也许是为何他们能被训练成人类好帮手的原因。
Researcher Dr David Reby, from the University of Sussex, said: ‘This is particularly interestingbecause our results suggest that the processing of speech components in the dog’s brain isdivided between the two hemispheres in a way that is actually very similar to the way it isseparated in the human brain.’
苏塞克斯大学的大卫·雷贝学者说道：“这很有意思，因为我们的研究成果表明了狗狗大脑也有半球分区来掌管语言，这和人类大脑有着一定相似度。”
Victoria Ratcliffe, who co-wrote the paper, added: ‘Although we cannot say how much or inwhat way dogs understand information in speech from our study, we can say that dogs reactto both verbal and speaker-related information and that these components appear to beprocessed in different areas of the dog’s brain.’
论文的第二作者维多利亚·拉克特里夫补充道：“虽然从研究中，我们不能说明多大程度上狗狗明白语言中的信息，我们可以说狗狗对口头的或者说说出口的信息都会有反应，而且这些似乎是由狗狗大脑中不同的区域在掌管。”
In their paper, published in the journal Current Biology, the scientists wrote: ‘The strikingcorrespondence between dogs’ and humans’ hemispheric biases reported here may reflectconvergent evolution if dogs have been selected to respond to human vocal signals duringdomestication.’
在他们的这篇刊登于《当代生物学期刊》的论文中，学者们写道：“狗狗和人类半脑偏好的惊人一致性也许反映了在驯化中，如果狗狗被选为对人类口头信号作出反应，他们就会拥有聚集性的进化。”
关于狗的英语美文篇三
Think You Know How Dogs Drink Water?
Why is it that when dogs drink, water seems to go everywhere?
When my dog drinks from her bowl, there is no question, water will end up on the floor. It looks like a sloppy, unorganized way to get a good drink of water.
Researchers at Virginia Tech University have been studying how dogs drink. They say dogs know exactly what they are doing. The animals are actually making precise movements at a high speed. This helps them get the fluid they need when they are thirsty.
It turns out that neither dogs, nor cats, have a full set of cheeks. This means they cannot create suction to drink, like humans or elephants and horses.
Dogs lap, or take up, the water with their tongues curled backward. As they lap, they move their tongues very quickly to build up momentum. That forces the water into a column and up into their mouths.
The Virginia Tech researchers filmed 19 dogs of different sizes and breeds as they drank water. They created different laboratory models to measure tongue motion, and the amounts of water taken in.
Using the data from these experiments, the researchers were able to make a model that shows how a dog drinks water.
The researchers said that since the mouths of dogs and cats are structured nearly the same way, they thought they would drink water the same way, too.
But here is a surprise. The studies showed each family of animals has its own special drinking method.
"We know cats and dogs are quite different in terms of behavior and character," said Sunghwan "Sunny" Jung, a study author and an associate professor of biomedical engineering and mechanics at Virginia Tech.
"But before we did fundamental studies of how these animals drink fluids, our guess was dogs and cats drink about the same way. Instead we found out that dogs drink quite differently than cats," he said.
What is the difference?
Dogs must quickly move their tongues down into the water using momentum to bring the water up and into their mouths. Cats don't bend their tongues to drink like dogs. Cats use less momentum and a more gentle action. They just skim, or barely touch, the surface of the water to drink it.
"Cats tend be viewed as neater, dogs are messier, but dogs really have to accelerate their tongues" to make good use of the way the fluid column works, said researcher Sean Gart, a Virginia Tech graduate student.
Their findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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