巴菲特迄今最成功的六笔投资（双语）(3)

　　Buffett shuttered the textile business in 1985, and he moved the company's headquarters to his hometown, Omaha, long before then. The true success of Berkshire is the combination of the cash generated by its insurance business and Buffett's ability to invest that cash far better than anyone else on the planet. But Buffett has also proven good at picking managers and having a light touch. Only when companies prove to be a problem, like paint company Benjamin Moore, has Buffett swooped in. Buffett's conglomerate now ranks fourth on the Fortune 500 and now has a stock price of $210,000.

　　4. 伯克希尔哈撒韦公司

　　年平均复合回报率：22%

　　总回报率：1745300%

　　持有期：49年

　　1965年，当巴菲特以每股约12美元的价格收购伯克希尔哈撒韦公司时，它是一家纺织企业，也是马萨诸塞州新贝德福德最大的雇主之一。但它很快就成为巴菲特旗下的收购工具。

　　通过伯克希尔哈撒韦公司，巴菲特先收购了一些保险公司，然后是其他各行各业的公司，包括零售商内布拉斯加家具商场(Nebraska Furniture Mart)、时思糖果、商品目录公司东方贸易(Oriental Trading)、冰淇淋品牌Dairy Queen、内衣制造商Fruit of the Loom、铁路公司伯灵顿北方等等。最近伯克希尔哈撒韦公司与巴西投资公司3G联合收购了番茄酱生产商亨氏食品公司(Heinz)。

　　1985年，巴菲特关闭了伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的纺织业务，而之前他早就把公司总部搬到了家乡奥马哈。伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的真正成功之处在于旗下保险业务产生的现金流与巴菲特超乎常人的投资能力得到了结合。但巴菲特也向世人证明，他有识别管理人才的慧眼，而且奉行无为而治。只有当企业的确出现问题时，如涂料公司本杰明摩尔(Benjamin Moore)那样的状况，巴菲特才会大力介入。伯克希尔哈撒韦公司目前在《财富》500强企业中排名第四，股价为21万美元。

　　5. Wells Fargo

　　Annual average compounded return: 21%

　　Total return: 9,417%

　　Years held: 24

　　Buffett first announced his $290 million investment in Wells Fargo WFC 1.20% in his 1990 annual letter to shareholders. Bank stocks were being battered by the savings and loan crisis, and Buffett characteristically took advantage of the market turmoil to buy into one of the highest quality banks he could find.

　　Buffett said that, as a rule, he generally doesn't like to invest in banks (a rule that he has broken again and again, first with Wells but more recently with Bank of America BAC 0.76% and US Bancorp USB 1.09% ) but Wells was too much of a bargain to pass up.

　　That was a good call. Back in 1990, Wells Fargo had a market capitalization of $2.9 billion. It is now worth $275 billion. Last year, it earned more money than any other bank in the country. Berkshire is still Wells Fargo's largest outside shareholder, and Wells would like Buffett and Berkshire to stick around. Recently, Wells Fargo's CEO John Stumpf told an audience at the National Press Club that he advised the 84-year-old Buffett, who classically subsists on a diet of Cherry Cokes and steak, to cut back on his sodium intake. “When the food comes, Warren grabs a salt shaker in his left hand and one in his right, and it’s a snowstorm," Stumpf told the crowd. "And I know a snowstorm when I see one because I’m from Minnesota.”

　　5.富国银行(Wells Fargo)

　　年平均复合回报率：21%

　　总回报率：9417%

　　持有期：24年

　　巴菲特是在1990年致股东的公开信中首次披露他在富国银行(Wells Fargo)的2.9亿美元投资。当时银行股受储蓄和贷款危机冲击，巴菲特亮出他招牌式的投资策略，利用市场动荡的机会买进了当时他能发现的最优质银行股之一。巴菲特说，他自己有个规矩，通常不爱投资银行类股【但他已经一次又一次地打破了这个规矩，第一次是富国银行，近期的有美国银行(Bank of America)和美国合众银行(US Bancorp)】，但当时富国银行实在是太便宜了，不容错过。

　　这个决策非常明智。早在1990年，富国银行市值为29亿美元。它目前的市值为2750亿美元。去年，富国银行的收益超过了美国国内任何其他银行。伯克希尔哈撒韦公司仍是富国银行的第一大外部股东，而富国银行也希望巴菲特和伯克希尔哈撒韦公司能长期持有其股权。近日，富国银行的CEO 约翰•斯坦普夫在全美新闻记者俱乐部(National Press Club)发表讲话时称，他已经建议84岁的巴菲特削减钠的摄入量。巴菲特有常年喝樱桃可乐和吃牛排的饮食习惯。“当食物送到餐桌上时，沃伦一手抓一个盐瓶，两只瓶子齐刷刷地倒盐，简直是暴风雪的节奏。”斯坦普夫告诉听众称：“我来自明尼苏达州，我说那是暴风雪，就绝对算得上是。”

　　6. The Intelligent Investor

　　Annual average compounded return: A lot

　　Total return: $45 billion

　　Years since read: 65 (published in 1949)

　　Buffett has said the best investment he ever made was not a stock or a bond or even in real estate, but buying a copy of The Intelligent Investor, a book written by Benjamin Graham. Buffett read the book when it came out in 1949 and later enrolled at Columbia Business School in order to take classes with Graham. Buffett says the book still guides his investment decisions today, and he has recommended it to Bill Gates, among others. Here's what Buffett had to say about the book in his most recent letter to Berkshire shareholders: