主谓一致的用法精讲

时间：2015-10-13 11:10:07 楚欣650由分享

　　以下是小编为大家整理的主谓一致的用法，希望能帮助大家更好的运用主谓一致这个句型结构。

　　主谓一致通常遵循三条原则：语法一致、意义一致和邻近一致

　　1、语法一致原则，即按主语的语法形式(单复数)确定谓语的形式。单三主语，对中国学生来讲，在学习和使用英语的过程中，主谓一致的难点是如何正确识别主语的单三，单三作主语范围广，有些情况还比较复杂，因此在人称和数的考察中，单三作主语要求主谓一致就成了命题的重点。主语为单三的情况归纳为：。

　　⑴当单数名词充当的主语被修饰词或短语与谓语分开时，谓语用单数形式(即单三名词出现在句首，后面紧跟with…，together with…，along with…，accompanied by，like…，except…，but…，no less than…，等短语)

　　eg. The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.

　　Mary, accompanied by her brother, was warmly welcomed by the audience.

　　⑵含every，no，some，any的复合代词，如：everyone，nobody，something，anything等后的动词应是单数。

　　eg. Everybody has expressed his/their determination.

　　⑶(every，each，no，any，another，many a，more than one)+单数名词作主语，谓语应为单数。

　　eg. Many a student is……

　　No problem is harder to solve than this one.

　　⑷代词either，neither，one作主语，总是单三。

　　eg. If either of you takes a vacation now, we’ll not be able to finish the work.

　　⑸由动名词、不定式及其短语，名词性从句和其它短语作主语时，谓语都用单数形式。

　　eg. Writing many letters makes her happy.

　　What interests them most is better pay and working conditions.

　　Early to bed and early to rise is a proverb.

　　⑹much，little，a little，only a little，quite a little，much more，a great deal of，an amount of，a quantity of 等词语只能修饰不可数名词，全是单三;而a lot of ，lots of，plenty of 等词语既可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。当修饰不可数名词时，应列入单三。

　　⑺由and或是both…and 连接的两个(或以上)的成分做主语时，谓语要用复数形式。

　　eg. Spring and autumn are lovely seasons in the year.

　　*有的主语虽有and 连接，但仅指一件事或一个人，and后面的那个名词前，没有冠词，谓语应该用单数。

　　eg. The bread and butter is served for breakfast.

　　My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.

　　*用and连接的单数主语前面有each，every，many a，no等修饰时，谓语用单数。

　　eg. Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.

　　No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.

　　2、意义一致原则，即按意义而不按形式来确定主语的单复数以及谓语动词的单复数。

　　⑴表示时间、重量、长度、价值等数目、计量的名词词组作整体看待时，谓语用单数。

　　eg. Five pounds does not buy as much as it used to.

　　⑵集体/合名词，如congress，family，group，class，committee，organization，team，army，club，crowd，government，public，staff，audience，crew等，用作单数还是复数，需视具体情况而定，党只得是整体而不侧重个体时，谓语用单数。

　　eg. The whole family is going to move to another city.

　　Our team is sure to win the game.

　　⑶以-s结尾的单数意义的名词，以-ics结尾的学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数。如：news，politics，physics，otics，mumps(腮腺炎)，measles(麻疹)，the United States等。

　　eg. The New York Times is being published here.

　　以上均为形式上是复数而意义上为单数。

　　⑷有些名词形式上是单数，而意义上是复数，这类词作主语时，谓语总用复数。如：people，crew，folk，police，cattle，poultry(家禽)等。

　　eg. Our poultry are kept in the garden.

　　The crew abandoned the ship after a hard struggle.

　　3、邻近一致原则：即要求动词与最近的并列成分保持的一致。

　　⑴用并列连词or，either…or，neither…nor…，not only…but also…连接的两个名/代词作主语时，谓语的单复数要与邻近它的主语一致。

　　eg. Not only you but also I am to blame.

　　Neither the students nor the teacher is going to the class today.

　　He or you have taken my pen by mistake.

　　而as well as连接的两部分词语作主语，情况正相反。

　　eg. He, as well as I, ___a football fan. is/ am/ are/ were

　　⑵以all，most，more，any，none，half，the rest，the remainder等不定代词作主语时，多用作复数，但也可用作单数，其谓语动词的形式既可采用意义一致原则，也可采用邻近一致原则。All(most,some,any)0f…作主语时,谓语动词的数取决与of后面的名词。

　　eg. All of the fruit looks ripe.

　　All of the cherries are red.

　　Some of the mike is spilt.

　　Some have finished eating.

　　All is here.

　　All are present.

　　None of these materials are conductor. are/ is/ has/ was

　　None of them is a good singer. are/ is/ were/ was

　　⑶百分数、分数+of…短语，或some of…，all of…, most of…，half of…，the rest(of…)，a proportion of…等词语作主语，关键在于of后的名词是单数还是复数，或根据上下文判定它们所指代的名词是单复数。

　　eg. More than 70 percent of the surface is covered with water.

　　More than 70 percent of the students live on campus.

　　Some of the machinery needs to be repaired.