英语中副词的基本用法有哪些(2)
英语中副词的基本用法有哪些
英语中副词的基本用法：程度副词(The Adverb of Degree)
程度副词大多用来修饰形容词和副词，就其反映的事情在程度上加以描绘，通常也可回答how引导的问句。常见的程度副词有：very, much, quite, little, so, too, enough, half, rather, fairly, pretty, entirely, totally, greatly, deeply, hardly, wholly, slightly, scarcely, almost等。
注：在上面几类副词中，有些副词有两种词形：一种与相应的形容词同形，另一种由相应的形容词(或副词)加后缀构成。这两种词形的副词，有些在含义上基本相近，另一些在含义上则截然不同。
1)在含义上相近的副词：high highly, low lowly, firm firmly, deep deeply, near nearly, short shortly, fair fairly, direct directly, quick quickly, loud loudly, slow slowly, straight straightly等。
一般来说，与形容词同形的副词表示比较具体的概念，而加后缀ly构成的副词则含有抽象或引申的意义。试比较下列的句子：
The boy climbed very high. 那男孩爬得很高。
The government thinks highly of you invention. 政府对你的发明评价很高。
You've shot too low. Try a second time. 你射得太低，再试一下。
Why on earth are we lowly paid? 究竟为何给我们低报酬?
She came near to me. 她向我靠近。
The job is nearly finished. 这工作快干完了。
The train goes direct to Shanghai. 这趟列车直开上海。
Answer me directly. 直接回答我的问题。
They worked deep into the night. 他们工作到深夜。
We were deeply moved by his heroic deeds. 我们被他的英勇事迹深深打动了。
2)在含义上不同的副词：hard hardly, just justly, late lately, most mostly, pretty prettily等。试比较下列句子：
They pretended to work hard. 他们佯装卖力地干活。
I can hardly understand what they are talking about.
我几乎不懂他们在谈论些什么。
He's just arrived. 他刚到。
The money will be given to those who need it most. 这钱将给那些最需要的人。
He was justly punished. 他受到了应有的惩罚。
The people who live in Antarctica are mostly visiting scientists.
在南极生活的人大多数是在进行考察的科学家。
He seldom comes late. 他难得迟到。
I haven't heard from my parents lately. 最近我没有收到父母的来信。
英语中副词的基本用法：频度副词(The Adverb of Frequency)
频度副词表示行为动作发生的频度，常可回答how often 引导的问句。常见的频度副词有：often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, rarely, frequently, occasionally, once a week, twice a day, every other month等。
英语中副词的基本用法：疑问副词(The Interrogative Adverb)
疑问副词用来引导一个特殊疑问句，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。疑问副词有：when, where, how和why.
When are the men coming from London? 从伦敦来的人什么时候到?
Where have you been all these years? 这些年你到哪儿去啦?
How are you getting along with you English? 你的英语学习怎么样?
注：疑问副词how也可以与一些形容词、副词合在一起引导一个特殊疑问句。如：
How often do you go to see your uncle? 你多久去看望一次你叔叔?
How long will he live in Nanjing? 他将在南京住多久?
How soon will your father come back home? 你父亲还要多久才会到家?
How old is the little girl? 这小女孩多大了?
英语中副词的基本用法：连接副词(The Conjunctive Adverb)
连接副词用来引导一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句，表示从句中行为动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因等。
常见的连接副词有：when, where, whenever, wherever, how和why等。
Why he insisted on going there alone wasn't quite clear. (引导主语从句)
他为什么要坚持孤身一人到那里去不太明白。
Can you tell us when and where he received the Master's Degree? (引导宾主从句)
你可以告诉我们他是在何时何地获得硕士学位的吗?
This is how she did it. (引导表语从句) 这就是她怎样做这事的。
Come to us whenever you are in trouble. (引导状语从句)
无论你什么时候遇到麻烦，尽可来找我们。
英语中副词的基本用法：关系副词(The Relative Adverb)
关系副词用来引导一个定语从句，对所修饰的先行词在时间、地点和原因上加以限制和说明。
关系副词有：when, where和why.
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I come to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
你还记得十年前的一个下午我到你家借钻石项链的事吗?
The factory where my father works is in the west of the city.
我父亲工作的那家工厂座落在城西。
Nobody knew the reason why he was absent from the party.
没有人知道他为什么没来参加聚会。
除了上述八类副词，还能见到如surely, certainly, probably等确定性副词和therefore等结果副词。
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