英语必修4语法知识点
语法是英语学习的基础,英语必修四都学习了哪些语法了呢?接下来学习啦小编为你整理了英语必修4语法知识点,一起来看看吧。
英语必修4语法知识点:动词-ing形式作宾语
●动词-ing形式既可作动词的宾语,又可作介词的宾语。
1. 以下动词或短语只接动词-ing形式作宾语:
admit, avoid,appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等动词; can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, thinkof, set about, dream of 等短语。
2. 在下列短语中,to是介词,后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语:
be / get used to,look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to, object to等。
3. 下列动词或短语既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
● like, love, prefer如表示经常性的行为后接动词-ing形式;如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式,但要注意:如果like, love, prefer前有would,后面则接动词不定式。如:Would you like to go shopping with me?
●下列几组词接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同:
forget doing 忘记已做过某事;
forget to do 忘记要做某事
remember doing 记得做过某事;
remember to do 记住要做某事
mean doing 意思是,意味着;
mean to do 打算做
regret doing 后悔做过某事;
regret todo 遗憾要做某事
can’t help doing 禁不住做;
can’t help(to) do 不能帮忙做。
●在allow, permit, advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
We don’t allowsmoking in the classroom.
We don’t allowstudents to smoke.
●动词need, require, want作“需要”解时,其后用动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。
Your coat wantswashing.
= Your coat wants to be washed.
英语必修4语法知识点:动词-ing形式作表语
1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语
Her job is keepingthe lecture hall as clean as possible.
(= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词)
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing,boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语,但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries memost is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)
英语必修4语法知识点:动词-ing形式作定语
1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = aroom which is used for reading 阅览室
running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋
a working method=a method for working 工作方法
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developingcountries = countries that are developing发展中国家
anordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem= a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题
2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in ahouse facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know theboy playing basket?(=Who is playing basket)你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗?
The man visitingJapan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle
正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。
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