中考英语知识点总结
中考英语知识点总结
2018中考正在紧张地备考中，英语作为主要的考试科目，为了方便同学们复习，下面学习啦小编给你分享2018中考英语知识点总结，欢迎阅读。
2018中考英语基础知识点总结
一、 名词
(一) 知识概要
名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法，但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。我们不妨把它分为两大类：专有名词与普通名词。顾名思义，专有名词是指：个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称，如，the Great Wall， America…它们是不能随意变动的。而普通名词中则包括个体名词，如pen, worker…它表示单一的个体人或事物;集体名词，如：family,class， team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体;物质名词，如：water,paper…它表示的是一种物质，原材料;而后一种是抽象名词，如:work, time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到，但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。见下表。
名词一览表
种类
专有名词
London, John, the Communist Party of China
普 通 名 词 类名词 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table
集体名词 class, family, army, police, team, people
物质名词 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand
抽象名词 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest
功用
主语 My family is now in New York.
表语 His father is a scientist.
宾语 We love our great motherland.
宾语补足语 He made London the base for his work.
定语 The girls are making paper flowesrs.
状语 The car cost him 1000 dollars.
同位语 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here.
名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数，即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。不可数名词不能用数字计算，所以它通常只有单数形式。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等，如：English,air,water,cotton,work…可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词，所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。
二、 冠词?
(一) 知识概要
冠词在英语中只有3个词，分为两类：不定冠词a与an，定冠词the。 a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前，an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物，可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。
(二) 正误辨析
[误]This building is an university.
[正]This building is a university.
[析]a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是[j]，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是错句，应为：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音，所以应该用an hour。例如：
I need an hour to finish the work.
It is a useful dictionary.
It is a European country.
I bought a used car.
[误]I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.
[正]I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.
[析]因umbrella的第一个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。
[误]“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.”
[正]“Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.”
2018中考英语语法知识点总结
(一)代词概述
代词用来代替名词，在句中充当主语、宾语和表语，有时还可以充当定语。代词在考试命题中主要是代词格的变化、代词单复数形式以及不定代词和it的用法等。
(二)基本知识梳理
1. 人称代词：主格作主语，宾格用作及物动词和介词的宾语。
He often helps me.
Who is at the door? It's me.
The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.
出现并列主语或宾语时，其排列顺序为：单数时是第二、第三、第一人称(简称231)即you，he and I或you，her and me;复数时是第一、第二、第三人称(简称123)即we，you and they或us，you and them。
2. 物主代词：形容词性物主代词作定语，后加名词;而名词性物主代词等于形容词性物主代词加名词。如： This is my book. = This book is mine.
名词性物主代词可做主语、宾语和表语。如：
Your pen is blue. Mine is blue,too.
May I use your pen? I've lost mine.
She is a classmate of his.
The bike is hers.
3. 反身代词：用作宾语和起强调作用。
1)作宾语
Help yourself to some cakes.
I can look at myself in the mirror.
They should think more of the public health than themselves.
2)作强调
We do homework by ourselves.
I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.
4. 指示代词
1)this，that，these，those
What's this(that)? It's a book.
What are these(those)? They are books.
this和these比较靠近，that和those稍远一点。
2)it的用法
(1)指物：It's a robot.
(2)指自然现象： It's raining now, but it will be fine soon.
(3)指时间：What time is it? It's 8 o'clock.
(4)指距离：It's twenty minutes' walk.
(5)作形式主语：It's important for us to fight pollution.
It took me half an hour to finish the work.
It's kind of you to say so.
(6)作形式宾语： We think it necessary to relax from time to time.
5. 不定代词
1)some，any
some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。如：
There are some pens on the desk.
There aren't any pens on the desk.
Are there any pens on the desk?
Some are Chinese. Others are English.
在表示请求、建议、反问等句子中，用some而不是用any。如：
Would you like some drink?
any也可以表示任何一个。如：
Do you know any of her friends?
If you have any questions, you can ask me.
2)复合不定代词：something， anything，nothing，everything，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，someone，anyone，no one，everyone，somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere这些不定代词都作单数，表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。
(1)作主语：
Someone is waiting for you.
No one is in the classroom.
(2)作宾语：
Have you got anything to say?
Did you see anything else in the classroom?
(3)不定代词被形容词修饰时，定语放在它们的后面。如：
I’ve got something interesting to tell you.
There's nothing new in the newspaper.
3)a few，few，a little，little前两者修饰可数名词，后两者修饰不可数名词。few，little表示否定，意思是几乎没有;a few，a little表示肯定，意思是还有几个、有一点。如：
There is still a little time left, you needn't hurry.
I can't buy anything because I have little money on me.
4)both(两者都，复数)，all(三者以上都，复数)，neither(两者都不，单数)，none(三者以上都不，单复数)，either(两者中的一个，单数)，both...and， neither...nor， either...or
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