初一英语上册知识点汇编
初一英语上册有哪些知识点呢?接下来是学习啦小编为大家带来的初一英语上册知识点汇编,供大家参考。
初一英语上册知识点汇编(一)
一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写
要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。
二、be动词的用法
be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:
"我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它";单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。
三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)
1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句
1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。
2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。
六、可数名词变复数
可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1、规则变化:
(1)一般情况直接在词尾加"-s ",如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加"-es ",如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加"-es ",如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
(4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为"ves ",如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
(5)以o结尾的词,加"-s "或"-es ",如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了"英雄"hero外,凡是能吃的,加"-es ",不能吃的加"-s "。
2、不规则变化:
(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
(2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
(3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则
最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。
主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称"三单")时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非"三单"时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变"三单"的规则如下:
(1)一般动词在词尾加"-s ",如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加"-es ",如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
(3)以o结尾的动词一般加"-es ",如:do-does, go-goes等;
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加"-而是",如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
(5)have的三单形式是has。
八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。
1、定冠词the表示"特指",可译为"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"。
2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是"一个"。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。
3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调"数量",而基数词则强调"数量"。
九、助动词(do, does )的用法
只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:
(1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及"主谓一致"原则。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
(2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为"三单"时,要使用does;当主语为"非三单"时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
(3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名词所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示"......的",但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)
3、have与of的区别:
have一般表示"主动拥有",往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能"主动拥有",表示所属关系时要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
初一英语上册知识点汇编(二)
1、Unit 1 --Unit 2
(1)问候语:
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
(2)道别用语:
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
(3)介绍人或者物的句型:This is...
(4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别:
Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。
(5)词组be from = come from
(6)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
(7)对Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
(8)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)
in red(穿着红色的衣服)
in the desk(在空间范围之内)
in English(用英语)
help sb. do sth.
(9)both与all的区别:
both表示"两者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。
2、Unit 3--Unit 4
(1)speak的用法
speak与say不同:speak表示"说"的动作,不表示"说"的内容;say则表示"说"的内容。
speak后面除了能接"语言"外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示"对......说"。
help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
(2)some和any的区别:
口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
(3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)
(4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)