初二英语下册语法知识点复习
初二英语下册语法知识点复习
初二英语下册的语法学习，是一个让人头疼的问题。下面是学习啦小编收集整理的初二英语下册语法的知识点复习以供大家学习。
初二英语下册语法知识点：动词形态不对应
如果同一句中应该等立的成分不对应，不但效益不好，而且也是一种句法上的缺陷。
下面两则广告中的第二个动词形态就和前面的不对应，因此属于一种字形上的错误：
① If you intend to buy or sell your property or having any queries, please feel free to call me .
② You will be in charge of interviewing and shortlisting candidates and to assist in the recruitment of 500 staff.
在第一句里的“having”应改为“have”才对。不然，就要把这个分句完全写出来：
“…… or if you have any queries, ……”
第二句里的“and”是衔接前面的动名词“interviewing and shortlisting”和后面的动名词“assisting”。显然，这里不用动名词而用不定式动词“to assist”，也是犯了动词形式不对应的错误，非改正不可。
还有，根据字词的排列，“shortlisting”要排在“ interviewing”前面，才合逻辑。
①和②这类的错误相当普遍。虽然这样的错误不会影响人们对文章的理解，但是总不是件文字上的好事，还是多多注意，尽量避免好。
同样的，下列5个从学生作业中找出来的句子，也犯了同样的毛病：
③ This will enable the parent to experience the new style of life and allows him or her enough time to consider settling down.
④ Utopianism violates the human conscience, denies privacy to individuals and discard human rights.
⑤ They have to reach a decision on either sending their child to a day-care centre or employ a maid.
⑥ It is very hard to relate the stories through other means and at the same time retains the critical aspects of the book.
⑦ This problem can be solved by developing correct language skills, concentrating on studies day by day, and try not to exert too much pressure.
③到⑦句子里的动词形态的错误是明显的，改正也是容易的，即：
③ allow; ④ discards; ⑤ employing; ⑥ retain; ⑦ trying.
初二英语下册语法知识点：主动与被动的关系
不是所有的主动语态(the active voice)都可以转变为被动语态，因为有些及物动词(the transitive verb)是不适合以被动形式出现的。
下列句子可以证明：
① I have a Japanese car.
② The auditorium holds 3000 people.
③ This coat does not fit you.
④ Jane resembles her mother.
⑤ Tom jumped the queue.
⑥ I wish you would mind your business.
⑦ Such an idea has just crossed my mind.
此外，有些及物动词虽以主动语态出现，却具有被动含义，故不宜再转变为被动语态。其实，也不能变，因为这些动词后面没有宾语。例如：
⑧ This new knife cuts well.
⑨ Nylon shirts wash easily.
⑩ Jason's books sell quickly.
11. This type of ball pens writes in two colours.
12. The note reads as follows : "……"
另有些动词，虽有主动语态，但却常以被动形式出现，以便更加符合动词惯用法。例如：
13. The train is scheduled to leave at 8pm.
14. All are supposed to come to the meeting on time.
15. The case was reported to the police.
13到15的主动语态为下，但却少见：
*The railway officer schedules the train to leave at 8pm.
*The director supposes all to come to the meeting on time.
*Someone reported the case to the police.
最后还有一种情形，就是相当多动词出现在“be + 过去分词” 的结构里。看上去，它们像是被动语态;实际上，并没有被动的含义。更有趣的是，这些“be”后头的过去分词(the past participle )已经渐渐转化为形容词，充当“be”和其他接击动词(linking verbs)的补足语(the complement);因此不能和被动语态混为一谈。下面是 8 个常见的例子：
16. Many undergraduates here are interested in business administration courses.
17. We were surprised at the unexpected news.
18. Most successful people are distinguished for their courage and diligence.
19. David was very pleased with my work.
20. One can be tired of doing anything some of the time.
21. We are quite concerned about our friend's predicament.
22. Joelle is overwhelmed with joy.
23. Are you acquainted with that field of study?
初二英语下册语法知识点：宾语从句
He said I was hard-working.
重点语法：宾语从句
结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)
例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.
重点短语：direct speech 直接引语
reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 传递
be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身体健康
get over 克服
open up 打开
care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年终考试
get nervous 变得紧张
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做)
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说]……(加形容词)
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(阅读方法)
First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。)
You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正确释义。)
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