爱默生简介英文
爱默生简介英文
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生，美国思想家、文学家，诗人。爱默生是确立美国文化精神的代表人物。下面是学习啦小编为你整理的爱默生简介英文，希望对你有用!
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生简介
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 - April 27, 1882) was born in Boston. American thinker, writer, poet. Emerson is the representative of the American culture. Former US President Lincoln called him "American Confucius" and "Father of American Civilization". Published in 1836 debut "on nature". His contribution to literature is mainly in prose and poetry. 18 April 1882 died in Boston.
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生早年经历
Emerson is a priestly family, and his father, William Emerson, is a well-known pastor. Emerson died six weeks before his eight-year-old birthday (1811), raising his adult by mother and aunt. He was sent to the Boston Latin School for the following year.
In October 1817, when Emerson was 14 years old, he was enrolled at Harvard and was appointed as a new student, and this identity allowed him to get a free stay. In order to add meager salary, during the winter vacation he will go to Ripley uncle in Massachusetts Vasheng City school counseling and teaching services. During the school, he read a large number of works of British romantic writers, enriched the idea, broaden the horizons.
In 1821, after Emerson graduated from Harvard University, he assisted his brother in setting up a school for young women in his mother's house, after he set up his own school in Chelmsford Emerson 's brother went to Gedding to read the theology, and Emerson was in charge of the school. After a few years, Emerson lived the day as a principal, and then into the Harvard University Theological Seminary, and in 1829 to a pastor of the image of the image cut a striking figure.
His first wife was Ellen Tucker, who died of tuberculosis on February 8, 1831, at the age of 20.
In 1832, he was resigned with a church officer's dispute over the management of the communion service and the doubts about public prayer. After 1832, Emerson traveled to the European countries, met the pioneers of romanticism, and had accepted their transcendental ideas and had a great influence on the formation of his ideology.
Between 1832 and 33 years, Emerson traveled to Europe, and the experience was recorded in the English Traits (1856). On the way he met William Walls, Coleridge, John Stewart Mill and Thomas Carlisle. After the end of the journey, Emerson and Carlisle continue to contact until Carlisle died in 1881, Emerson in the United States as the agent of Carlisle. Emerson's tourist destination is not limited to the United Kingdom, he also went to France (in 1848), Italy and the Middle East.
Emerson returned to Boduten and carried out sermons in Concord. At this time his speech is closer to the Aristotelian style, important speech has "historical philosophy", "human culture", "the current era" and so on. Emerson often and his friends Thoreau, Hawthorne, Alco, Margaret and others held a small gathering to explore theological, philosophical and sociological issues. This gathering was known as the "transcendentalist club", Emerson also naturally become a transcendentalist leader.
In 1835, Emerson bought a house in Concord, Massachusetts, and soon became one of the most important citizens in the city. Where he also married his second wife, Lydia Jackson. He called her the Lydia and she called him Mr. Emerson, both of whom gave birth to the children, Alan, Edith and Edward Emerson. Allen is named after his ex-wife, which is Lydia's suggestion.
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生文学生涯
In September 1835, Emerson and other like-minded intellectuals founded the Transcendental Club. Until July 1840, Emerson published his first essay in September 1836, Nature ". When the work becomes the basic principle of transcendence, many people immediately think that this is the Italian works.
In 1837 Emerson published a famous speech on the theme of "American Scholar", proclaiming that American literature had been independent from British literature and warned American scholars not to let the study learn to spread, do not blindly follow tradition, imitate. In addition, this speech also criticized the American society of money worship, emphasizing the value of people. Known as the United States in the field of ideological and cultural "Declaration of Independence."
One year later, Emerson criticized the only deity of Christianity in the Dean of the Theological Seminary, striving for the supreme human being, and advocating the intuition of the truth. "Believe in your own thoughts, and believe that what is right in your heart that is right for you is applicable to all ... ..." literary critics Lawrence Bull in the "Emerson Biography" said, Emerson and his doctrine, Is the most important secular religion in the United States.
In 1838 he was invited to return to Harvard University Theological Seminary for the graduation ceremony. His comments immediately shocked the entire Protestant community, because he explained that when Jesus was a man, he was not God (at that time people would rather not hear such a speech). Thus, he was condemned as an atheist and poisoned the young man's mind, and faced with these criticisms he did not make any response or defense. In the following 40 years, he was no longer invited to the Harvard University speech, but in the mid-1880s, his position became a doctrine of the doctrine.
Proceedings
In 1840 Emerson was the editor of the "sundial" of the transcendentalist publication, further promoting transcendentalism. Later, he compiled his own speech into a book, which is the famous "Proceedings". The first episode of the Proceedings was published in 1841, including 12 papers such as "On Self-help", "On Spirit", "On Compensation", "On Love", "On Friendship". Three years later, the second episode of the Proceedings was also published. This book as Emerson won a great reputation, his mind is called the core of transcendentalism, he himself was known as the "American Renaissance leader" reputation.
In early 1842, Emerson's eldest son of China because of suffering from scarlet fever and died. Emerson presented his grief in his two masterpieces: an elegy and his essay "Experience" (Experience). In the same year William James was born, Emerson agreed to be his godfather.
Emerson became a famous speaker in New England and other countries outside the United States. When he can not attend some speeches as scheduled, Frederick Douglas will replace him. Emerson's speech has many different themes, many of his works are extracted from his speech.
Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry David Thoreau are friends and often walk with them at Concord. Emerson inspired Thoreau's talent. Thoreau has also built a house in Walden, of Jackson County, Colorado. When Thoreau lives in Walden, Emerson offers food and hires Thoreau to finish some work. When Thoreau left Walden two years later, Emerson left because he wanted to travel, and Thoreau lived at Emerson's home.
Their friendly relationship was broken by Thomson's first book, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, when Ruth gave rude advice. This book is not very extensive design, and Emerson took him to see their agents, which allows Thoreau to bear the cost of publishing this book and the risk. Readers of this book is not much, this thoreau began to bear the debt. Finally, the two of them reconcile some of the differences, but Thoreau in private still condemned Emerson gradually deviated from his initial outlook on life, and Emerson began to Thoreau as a weary person. Emerson gave a negative evaluation of Thoreau's rhetoric in the 19th century.
Emerson is an abstract and esoteric writer, but his speech still has a lot of people to listen. Emerson's work is based on his diary's observation of things, and when he was still at Harvard, he had written diary habits, and those diaries were carefully indexed by Emerson. He writes his own experiences and ideas in his diary and brings out some meaningful messages and combines with his intensive and condensed lecture essence. Later, he revised and relented the content of the speech, so that his essay and some other works.
He was a man who was regarded as one of the great performers at the time, and fascinated the audience with a low voice. He was very enthusiastic and treated with an equal attitude and valued the audience. His straightforward and uncompromising stance on the abolition of niggerism led him to object to and mock after talking about the subject. He continues to publish a radical abolition of the slaves but does not consider whether people like it. He tried to refrain from joining any open political movement or group, and was often eager to be independent, which reflected his individualist position. He often insisted not to advocate, to become a person alone on their own. In his later years, people wanted him to count the number of his writings, and he still said that his faith was "infinite individual".
Emerson's early reading of the French essayist Montaigne's works, and by its great influence. He understood the personal style from these works and began to lower his trust in God. He never read Kant's work, but he read Coleridge's explanation of the German transcendentalist. This makes Emerson do not believe in the soul and God.
influences
After Emerson died, he was buried in the Slippe Valley Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts. In May 2006, Emerson published the "Theological Seminary" after 168 years, Harvard University Theological Seminary announced the creation of UUA (Unitarian Universalist Association).
Emerson's collection of many of the prose of "Collected Essays: First (1841) and Second (1844) Series" is considered one of the 100 masterpieces.
Emerson's Proceedings praised the idea that people would trust themselves, and those who believed in themselves were representatives of all, because he perceived the universal truth. Emerson with a transcendentalist's tone, quietly narrated his view of the world, transcendentalism combined and penetrated the neo-Platonism and similar Calvin sectarian a serious moral and that can be in all natural In the discovery of God's love romantic optimism
Emerson likes to speak, face the crowd to make him excited, he said he felt a great emotion in the call, his main reputation and achievements established here. He became the leader of American transcendentalism through his own essays and speeches, and became the most important of the informal philosophers. His philosophical spirit is manifested in the remarkable view of logic and empiricism. He despises the exploration of pure theory and believes in nature, which embodies the laws of God and God.
In addition to the Proceedings, Emerson's works include "Representatives", "British Characteristics", "Poems", "May Festival and Other Poems".
Emerson 's prose writer, thinker, poet in one. His poetry, prose unique, pay attention to the ideological content and not too much emphasis on rhetoric gorgeous, writing like aphorism, philosophical easy to understand, persuasive, and a typical "Emerson style." Some people commented on his words: "Emerson seems to only write a sentence," his text reveals the temperament is difficult to describe: both full of autocratic and no doubt, but also has an open spirit of democracy; both aristocratic arrogance , More civilians of the direct; both clear and easy to understand, and often mixed with some kind of mysticism ... ... a person can be inserted in an article so many alarm is really amazing, those worth it in the morning Why do you read the words always inspiring, the years are not for him to cover the dust, but against the background he was sparkling.
Emerson's greatest achievement in the history of American culture and literature is that he insists on the establishment of an independent national culture and literature. He is against the sudden attack, follow the footsteps. He preached the spiritual independence of the New World. Emerson's thought in its famous "American philosopher" in the further development. Emerson asked the American thinkers to "know themselves", "observe the natural", search by others long, create a new culture of the new continent, write their own books, in order to achieve their own perfection at the same time, for human progress contribution. He asked the American philosopher to be an independent thinker, not someone else's thought.
He pointed out that the book contains the wisdom of the past era, but can not step by step in the past, can not regulate the moment step. He asked scholars to become a universe, rather than being pulled out of their own orbit. Some of the ideas are creative, some of the behavior is creative, and some of the rhetoric is creative, these are from the mind itself feel good and the United States and the natural emission of the. He warned that the genius of the past could be the enemy of today's genius, and that Shakespeare could "modernize" the original style of modernity. American scholars should look forward, the eyes long in front of the head, full of hope to write their own books, each era should write their own books.
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