英语句子的学习方法具体有哪些
英语句子的学习方法具体有哪些
同学们在写句子时千万不要拿句子去套方法,也不要拿方法去套句子。只要加强知识的积累,一定还会有更多更好的方法。以下是学习啦小编分享给大家的英语句子的学习方法的资料,希望可以帮到你!
英语句子的学习方法
一、代入法
这是进行英语写作时最常用的方法。同学们在掌握一定的词汇和短语之后,结合一定的语法知识,按照句子的结构特点,直接用英语代人相应的句式即可。如:
◎ 他从不承认自己的失败。
He never admits his failure.
◎ 那项比赛吸引了大批观众。
The match attracted a large crowd.
◎ 他把蛋糕分成4块。
He divided the cake into four pieces.
二、还原法
即把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。如:
◎ 这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗?
Is this the train for Glasgow?
还原为陈述句:This is the train for Glasgow.
◎ 他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。
It was because he loved my money that he married me.
还原为非强调句:Because he loved my money, he married me.
◎ 光速很快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
还原为正常语序:Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.
三、分解法
就是把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了,又能减少写错句子的几率。如:
◎ 我们要干就要干好。
If we do a thing, we should do it well.
◎ 从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。
There are students here from all over thecountry. Many of them are from the North.
四、合并法
就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力,同时也最能提高文章的可读性。如:
◎ 我们迷路了,这使我们的野营旅行变成了一次冒险。
Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we got lost.
◎ 天气转晴了,这是我们没有想到的。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we couldexpect.
◎ 狼是高度群体化的动物,它们的成功依赖于合作。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon their coopera-tion.
五、删减法
就是在写英语句子时,把相应汉语句子里的某些词、短语或重复的成分删掉或省略。如:
◎ 这部打字机真是价廉物美。
This typewriter is very cheap and fine indeed.
注:汉语表达中的“价”和“物”在英语中均无需译出。
◎ 个子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。
Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life,
注:汉语说“个子不高”,其实就是“不高”。也就是说,其中的“个子”在英语中无需译出。
六、移位法
由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异,根据表达的需要,某些成分需要前置或后移。如:
◎ 他发现赚点外快很容易。
He found it easy to earn extra money.
注:it在此为形式宾语,真正的宾语是句末的不定式to earn extra money.
◎ 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。
The man who told me this refused to tell me his name.
注:who told me this为修饰the man的定语从句,应置于其后。
◎ 直到我遇到你以后,我才真正体会到幸福。
It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
注:not…until…为英语中的固定句式,其意为“直到……才……”。
七、分析法
指根据要表示的汉语意思,通过进行语法分析和句式判断,然后写出准确地道的英语句子。如:
◎ 从这个角度看,问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.
注:分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致,由于the matter与sec之间为被动关系,故see要用过去分词scen.
◎ 我没有见过他,所以说不出他的模样。
Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like.
注:如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,且与逻辑主语是主动关系,则用现在分词的完成式。
八、意译法
有的同学在写句子时,一遇见生词或不熟悉的表达,就以为是“山穷水尽”了。其实,此时我们可以设法绕开难点,在保持原意的基础上,用不同的表达方式写出来。如:
◎ 汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子,我就把他撵了出去。
Tom was upsetting the otherchildren, so I showed him the door.
◎ 有志者事竟成。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
◎ 你可以同我们一起去或是呆在家中,悉听尊便。
You can go with us or stay athome, whichever you choose.
怎样修改自己写的英语句子
1.句子冗余
造成这种情况的原因一般是重复使用了形容词,以及多余的介词和副词等,或者是句式不够简洁,比如:
Impressive internship experience in a reputable company may provide university students with a stepping stone to a well-paid job in related field.
分析:Impressive internship experience in a reputable company 表达冗余,可以直接写成 an internship in a reputable company,同样,may provide university students with a stepping stone to a well-paid job 可以改成 is a stepping stone to a well-paid job,整个句子可以改为:
For university students, an internship in a reputable company is a stepping stone to a well-paid job.
又比如:
Distant learning on the Internet requires a great amount of self-discipline, because there is no fixed class schedule or teacher supervision.
分析:“远程教育”应该是 distance learning 而不是 distant learning,此外,distance learning 已经包含了“网上”的概念,所以on the Internet 需要去掉。
还有一个例子:
The government seems oblivious to the public complain about its recent health care reform, which may add to the financial burden of impoverished families.
分析:这里 complain 是动词,名词形式应该是 complaint,此外,which may add to the financial burden of impoverished families 可以精简为 which may burden impoverished families. 整个句子可以改成:
The government seems oblivious to public complaints about its recent health care reform, which may burden impoverished families.
解决办法:减少使用不必要的形容词和副词,养成精简句子的习惯。
2.用词问题
出现这种问题的原因是写作者对单词的用法一知半解,想当然地套用单词的中文含义。比如:
The esteem for a good teacher could be jaw-dropping regionally.
分析:这里作者是想说“好老师受到了很大的尊敬”,但使用 jaw-dropping 一词并不合适。jaw-dropping 一般用来指事物的规模很大,令人吃惊(so large or good that it amazes you)。
句子可以改成:
People in some areas hold good teachers in high esteem.
又比如:
Fairly a number of undergraduates usually concern that the shortage in vocational competitiveness has its root in diploma, however, it’s actually a fallacy most of the time.
分析:concern 作为动词使用时有一个含义是“使忧虑,使担心”,但此时的搭配应该是 something concerns somebody,而不是 somebody concerns something,这里单词用法有误。句子可以改成:
Many undergraduates feel that their lack of competitiveness has its root in educational background. However, that is not true.
此外,介词和冠词的使用也值得注意:
(1)A common problem of newcomers is that they tend to throw themselves headfirst into their current tasks without planning beforehand.
分析:“某人经常遇到的一个问题”应该是 a common problem for somebody,而不是 a common problem of somebody,如果使用介词 of,一般是指问题的具体表现,比如 the problem of street crime/drug abuse/unemployment etc.
(2)Children learn a lot about the nature by visiting zoos.
分析:如果要表达“大自然,自然界”这个概念,nature 前面不能加冠词 the,类似的例子还有单词 society,当我们要指广义上的“社会”时,前面不能加冠词 the,比如可以说:
Homelessness is a serious problem for society.
但不能说:
Homelessness is a serious problem for the society.
与此相反,有些单词则需要加 the,比如要表达“农村,乡村”这个概念时,应该说 the countryside,我们可以说:
They live in a beautiful cottage in the countryside.
但不能说:
They live in a beautiful cottage in countryside.
解决方法:
对于前面提到的单词误用以及介词搭配问题,可以通过查词典来解决。对于冠词使用问题,可以重点学习语法书中关于冠词的知识。推荐张满胜老师的《英语语法新思维》第一册,书中对于名词以及特指、泛指的概念讲解非常透彻,值得深入学习。
3.逻辑跳跃
除了语法和用词之外,句子逻辑跳跃是另外一个很常见的问题。这种逻辑跳跃通常体现在,句子的前后部分在逻辑上无法衔接,给读者带来了理解上的困难。比如:
Many fresh graduates land a job that is unrelated to their majors back in universities, which is a sign that the high education in our country may need to keep pace with the tendency of job market.
分析:由句子前半句很多大学生找的工作与专业不对口,并不能直接推导出我国高等教育跟不上就业市场趋势的结论。很多大学生找的工作与专业不对口,很可能的原因是他们在大学期间学的东西与就业市场的要求脱节。句子可以改写成:
Many fresh graduates end up in jobs unrelated to their majors. That is because what they have learnt in college does not match the demands of the job market.
又比如:
As the boom of technology and productivity is so incredible today, we no longer need to worry about the inadequate intake of essential nutrients.
分析:科技和生产力的蓬勃发展与我们不需要担心营养物质摄入问题同样没有必然联系,这里改为“农业技术的发展让我们不需要担心营养物质的摄入问题”逻辑会更加通顺:
Productivity improvements in agriculture have made it possible for most of us to get essential nutrients.
再举一个例子:
Vegetables not only supply vitamins and minerals but also play a key role in improving immune system.
作者想表达的意思是“蔬菜不仅可以提供维生素和矿物质,还可以改善我们的免疫系统”,但这句话仔细推敲其实是有问题的。蔬菜是可以提供维生素和矿物质,但它是如何改善我们的免疫系统的?这句话合理的逻辑应该是“蔬菜可以提供维生素和矿物质,这些维生素和矿物质可以改善我们的免疫系统”。即:
Vegetables can supply vitamins and minerals, which play a key role in improving our immune system.
解决方法:写句子之前先把一句话的前因后果理顺,避免出现逻辑断层的情况。
4.套用汉语表达习惯
出现该问题的原因是写作者仿造汉语的句式和搭配习惯来造句,这样写出来的句子给人的感觉会非常奇怪,比如:
Those who perform well in peer group at an early age should be well educated lest the pride gradually makes their talents fade away.
分析:作者像表达的意思是“那些小时候在同龄人中间出类拔萃的人需要被很好地教育,以免因为骄傲而抹去天赋的光芒。”,“因为骄傲而抹去天赋的光芒”这种抽象的比喻并不符合英文的表达习惯。句子可以改成:
Gifted children should be given special attention lest they become self-satisfied.
解决方法:写句子的时候不要生造表达,只写自己在词典或者权威读物上接触过的用法,确保你的每一处用词和句式都是有据可依的。
总结:
每次写完句子后可以对照上面提到的这四点(句子冗余、用词问题、逻辑跳跃以及套用汉语表达)检查,确保自己写出来的句子做到语法用词正确,逻辑清晰,简洁通顺,为写好段落和文章打下基础。
学习英语要注意三点
第一,要密切注意某些单词的特殊功能。
第二,要不断扩大对词组的识别能力和运用能力。
第三,要大量积累英语各种句型。
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